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. 2024 May 15;9:133. doi: 10.1038/s41392-024-01816-1

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — 2-APQC improves heart failure (HF) by relieving myocardial hypertrophy and inhibiting myocardial fibrosis in ISO-induced HF model in vitro and in vivo. a H9c2 cells were treated with the indicated concentration 2-APQC for 24 h, and then ISO treated for 48 h. Determine the size of cardiomyocytes by β-actin tracker staining (red). The position of the nucleus is marked by 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. Scale bar = 10 μm. Data are present as mean ± s.e.m, n = 3. b, c Immunostaining of cells with α-SMA and Collagen. The position of the nucleus is marked by DAPI staining. The representative image is shown, and the Scale bar = 10 μm. Data are present as mean ± s.e.m, n = 3. d Detection and quantification of the expression of fibronectin and collagen I by Western blot. e, f Representative image of echocardiogram of indicated groups. g–l ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), left ventricular posterior wall dimension (LVPWD) (mean ± s.e.m, con group, ISO group,ISO + Met group, ISO + 10 μM 2-APQC group, ISO + 20 μM 2-APQC group, ISO + 30 μM 2-APQC group, n = 6; ISO + Hon group, n = 10), LVESd, HWI (mean ± s.e.m, con group, n = 6; ISO group, ISO + Met group, ISO+Hon group, ISO + 10 μM 2-APQC group, ISO + 20 μM 2-APQC group, ISO + 30 μM 2-APQC group, n = 10), BNP (mean±s.e.m, con group, ISO group, ISO + Met group, ISO + Hon group, ISO + 10 μM 2-APQC group, ISO + 30 μM 2-APQC group, n = 8; ISO + 20 μM 2-APQ group, n = 10) were assessed by quantitative echocardiography, HWI was calculated by heart weight/body weight and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect BNP levels. m Representative heart tissue in each group. n Represents the result of HE staining in heart tissues, scale bar = 4 mm. o Sirius Red staining in heart tissues, scale bar = 4 mm. n = 3. p Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining in heart tissues, scale bar = 10 μm. q The percentage of fibrosis in heart tissue. The analysis of myocyte cross-sectional area in heart tissue. Data are present as mean ± s.e.m, n = 3. r–v Analysis of serum biochemical indicators. Use enzymatic reagent kit to measure serum AST (mean ± s.e.m, con group, ISO group, ISO + Met group, ISO + Hon group, ISO + 10 μM 2-APQC group, ISO + 20 μM 2-APQC group, n = 7; ISO + 30 μM 2-APQ group, n = 6), LDH (mean ± s.e.m, con group, ISO + Hon group, n = 7; ISO group, ISO + 10 μM 2-APQC group, ISO + 20 μM 2-APQC group, n = 9; ISO + Met group, ISO + 30 μM 2-APQ group, n = 6;), α-HBDH (mean ± s.e.m, con group, ISO + Hon group, n = 8; ISO group, n = 9; ISO + Met group, n = 7; ISO + 10 μM 2-APQC group, ISO + 20 μM 2-APQC group, n = 6; ISO + 30 μM 2-APQ group, n = 7;) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) (mean ± s.e.m, con group, ISO + 30 μM 2-APQ group, n = 8; ISO group, n = 10; ISO + Met group, n = 6; ISO + Hon group, ISO + 10 μM 2-APQC group, ISO + 20 μM 2-APQC group, n = 7;). w The body weight changes during the experiment of the indicated groups. β-actin, loading control. ns, no significance, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, compared with ISO group; ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001, ^####p < 0.0001, compared with control group. Nico nicotinamide, Hon Honokiol, ISO isoproterenol