TABLE 3.
Natural products inducing ferroptosis in NSCLC.
| Natural products | Mechanisms | References | Effectiveness in vivo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Timosaponin AIII | Forms a complex with HSP90 and leads to degradation of GPX4 | Zhou et al. (2023) | ***p < 0.001 versus control group in tumor volume (mm3) |
| Curcumin | Downregulation of SLC7A11 | Tang et al. (2021) | ****p < 0.0001 versus control group in tumor volume (mm3) |
| Sanguinarine | Sanguinarine mediated the ubiquitination of GPX4 through Stub1 | Xu et al. (2022) | **p < 0.01 versus control group in tumor volume (mm3) |
| Erianin | Targeting the CaM signaling pathway and leading to ROS up Ginkgetin reduced the expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 | Chen et al. (2020a) | *p < 0.05 versus control group in tumor volume (mm3) |
| Ginkgetin | α-Hederin reduces the expression of GPX2/GSS/GSH | Lou et al. (2021b) | **p < 0.01 versus control group in tumor volume (mm3) |
| α-Hederin | Downregulation of GPX4 | Wu et al. (2022a) | ***p < 0.001 versus control group in tumor volume (mm3) |
| Dihydroisotanshinone I | Downregulates SLC7A11 and results in a reduction in GSH | Wu et al. (2021) | *p < 0.05 versus control group in tumor metastasis (μm) |
| Sulforaphane | Downregulation of ferroportin | Jiang et al. (2016), Iida et al. (2021) | **p < 0.01 versus control group in tumor volume (mm3) |
| Cryptotanshinone | Downregulates the protein and mRNA levels of Xct | Chen et al. (2014), Popa et al. (2021) | **p < 0.01 versus control group in tumor volume (mm3) |
| Artemisinin | Upregulating Xct and downregulating SLC7A11 | Chen et al. (2019), Zhang et al. (2021a) | **p < 0.01 versus control group in tumor volume (mm3) |
| Sinapine | Inhibiting PRIM2/SLC7A11 Axis | Shao et al. (2022) | **p < 0.01 versus control group in tumor volume (mm3) |
| Dihydroartemisinin | Increase the interaction between DRP1 and FIS1 | Yuan et al. (2020), Hu et al. (2023) | **p < 0.01 versus control group in tumor volume (mm3) |
| Celastrol | Increase ROS accumulation and GSH depletion | Liu et al. (2021a) | ***p < 0.001 versus control group in tumor volume (mm3) |
| Betulin | Increase the levels of total iron and reduce GSH levels | Li et al. (2022c), Yan et al. (2022) | ***p < 0.001 versus control group in tumor size (mm2) |
| Capsaicin | Liu et al. (2022b), Deng et al. (2023) | **p < 0.01 versus control group in maximal distances of metastasis (μm) |