Table 3. Univariate and multivariate analysis on clinical features associated with PFS in pNEN patients at IPW-adjusted cohort.
| Clinical features (surufatinib vs. sunitinib + everolimus) | HR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|
| Univariate analysis | ||
| Male vs. female | 1.33 (0.98−1.80) | 0.06 |
| Age ≥65 vs. <65 years | 1.02 (0.70−1.49) | 0.90 |
| ECOG-PS ≥2 vs. 0–1 | NR (0.00−NR) | >0.99 |
| Functional vs. non-functional | 1.85 (1.07−3.19) | 0.02 |
| Germline mutated vs. sporadic | 0.92 (0.23−3.74) | 0.91 |
| Ki67 index | ||
| 3–20% vs. <3% | 2.07 (0.40−10.77) | 0.38 |
| >20% vs. <3% | 6.20 (1.16−33.24) | 0.03 |
| Distant metastatic vs. locally advanced | 0.57 (0.25−1.31) | 0.18 |
| Metastatic site number ≥3 vs. 0–2 | 1.68 (1.07−2.64) | 0.02 |
| Liver metastasis (yes vs. no) | 0.87 (0.44−1.73) | 0.69 |
| Bone metastasis (yes vs. no) | 0.80 (0.53−1.23) | 0.31 |
| Treatment line | ||
| Second line vs. first line | 1.17 (0.74−1.84) | 0.50 |
| ≥3rd line vs. first line | 1.32 (0.84−2.09) | 0.22 |
| Prior surgery (yes vs. no) | 1.19 (0.88−1.60) | 0.27 |
| Previous SSA (yes vs. no) | 1.35 (0.98−1.85) | 0.06 |
| Previous chemotherapy (yes vs. no) | 1.26 (0.93−1.72) | 0.13 |
| Previous anti-angiogenesis agents (yes vs. no) | 0.85 (0.59−1.22) | 0.37 |
| Previous mTORi (yes vs. no) | 0.39 (0.19−0.81) | 0.01 |
| Surufatinib vs. sunitinib + everolimus | 0.59 (0.44−0.80) | <0.001 |
| Combination therapy vs. monotherapy | 0.75 (0.52−1.09) | 0.12 |
| Initial standard dose (yes vs. no) | 1.09 (0.80−1.47) | 0.58 |
| Dose adjustment (yes vs. no) | 0.50 (0.35−0.70) | <0.001 |
| Dose interruption (yes vs. no) | 0.84 (0.60−1.19) | 0.33 |
| Multivariate analysis | ||
| Male vs. female | 1.75 (1.25−2.44) | 0.001 |
| Functional vs. non-functional | 2.09 (1.16−3.74) | 0.01 |
| Ki67 index >20% vs. <3% | 12.74 (2.26−71.95) | 0.004 |
| Surufatinib vs. sunitinib + everolimus | 0.58 (0.42−0.79) | <0.001 |
| Previous mTORi (yes vs. no) | 0.48 (0.23−0.99) | 0.04 |
| Previous SSA (yes vs. no) | 1.73 (1.24−2.40) | 0.001 |
| Dose adjustment (yes vs. no) | 0.63 (0.45−0.89) | 0.009 |
PFS, progression-free survival; pNEN, pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm; IPW, inverse probability weighting; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; ECOG-PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; NR, not reported; SSA, somatostatin analogues; mTORi, mTOR inhibitor.