Table 2.
Descriptive information of depression and anxiety symptoms, as well as physical, cognitive, and social factors.
| Variable | Total | CES-D | t | GAD-7 | t | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 600) | < 16 (n = 336) | ≥ 16 (n = 264) | < 5 (n = 385) | ≥ 5 (n = 215) | ||||||||
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | |||
| Depression symptoms | 16.68 | 11.73 | 8.29 | 3.91 | 27.36 | 9.46 | -30.75 *** | 11.02 | 7.45 | 26.81 | 11.17 | -18.55 *** |
| Depressed affect | 3.95 | 4.81 | 0.79 | 1.18 | 7.97 | 4.69 | -24.27 *** | 1.69 | 2.78 | 8.00 | 5.01 | -17.05 *** |
| Anhedonia | 6.96 | 3.09 | 5.28 | 2.56 | 9.09 | 2.28 | -19.23 *** | 6.07 | 2.97 | 8.55 | 2.61 | -10.25 *** |
| Somatic complaints | 5.01 | 4.51 | 2.07 | 1.70 | 8.77 | 4.16 | -24.59 *** | 2.97 | 2.84 | 8.68 | 4.62 | -16.48 *** |
| Interpersonal problems | 0.76 | 1.26 | 0.15 | 0.43 | 1.54 | 1.51 | -14.49 *** | 0.30 | 0.75 | 1.58 | 1.54 | -11.48 *** |
| Anxiety symptoms | 4.11 | 4.57 | 1.71 | 2.69 | 7.17 | 4.64 | -17.02 *** | 1.25 | 1.28 | 9.24 | 3.80 | -29.91 *** |
| Nervousness | 0.58 | 0.79 | 0.22 | 0.50 | 1.05 | 0.86 | -13.81 *** | 0.14 | 0.35 | 1.38 | 0.74 | -23.07 *** |
| Uncontrollable worry | 0.62 | 0.81 | 0.25 | 0.50 | 1.08 | 0.90 | -13.43 *** | 0.20 | 0.40 | 1.37 | 0.83 | -19.54 *** |
| Excessive worry | 0.85 | 0.84 | 0.46 | 0.60 | 1.35 | 0.83 | -14.59 *** | 0.43 | 0.54 | 1.61 | 0.73 | -20.72 *** |
| Trouble relaxing | 0.59 | 0.76 | 0.24 | 0.52 | 1.04 | 0.79 | -14.19 *** | 0.18 | 0.40 | 1.32 | 0.71 | -21.60 *** |
| Restlessness | 0.42 | 0.73 | 0.13 | 0.45 | 0.78 | 0.86 | -11.04 *** | 0.05 | 0.22 | 1.07 | 0.86 | -17.15 *** |
| Irritability | 0.6 | 0.76 | 0.26 | 0.52 | 1.03 | 0.80 | -13.47 *** | 0.19 | 0.39 | 1.33 | 0.70 | -22.09 *** |
| Feeling afraid | 0.45 | 0.75 | 0.13 | 0.44 | 0.86 | 0.87 | -12.38 *** | 0.06 | 0.26 | 1.15 | 0.84 | -18.51 *** |
| Physical factors | ||||||||||||
| Physical health | 2.73 | 0.78 | 2.88 | 0.75 | 2.55 | 0.79 | 5.18 *** | 2.85 | 0.73 | 2.52 | 0.83 | 4.90 *** |
| Number of chronic diseases | 0.83 | 1.02 | 0.74 | 0.95 | 0.94 | 1.09 | -2.34 * | 0.74 | 0.91 | 0.99 | 1.18 | -2.90 ** |
| Sleep disturbance | 7.37 | 3.58 | 6.14 | 2.86 | 8.95 | 3.78 | -10.03 *** | 6.32 | 3.01 | 9.27 | 3.75 | -9.90 *** |
| Cognitive factors | ||||||||||||
| Perceived stress | 16.28 | 5.44 | 13.35 | 4.43 | 20.02 | 4.17 | -18.80 *** | 13.90 | 4.45 | 20.54 | 4.36 | -17.65 *** |
| Mastery | 19.62 | 3.61 | 21.61 | 2.83 | 17.08 | 2.82 | 19.53 *** | 20.88 | 3.28 | 17.35 | 3.02 | 13.00 *** |
| Social factors | ||||||||||||
| Social engagement | 1.63 | 0.99 | 1.69 | 1.00 | 1.55 | 0.98 | 1.72 | 1.68 | 1.00 | 1.55 | 0.98 | 1.53 |
| Social connection with family | 1.99 | 0.91 | 2.17 | 0.90 | 1.76 | 0.87 | 5.69 *** | 2.07 | 0.93 | 1.85 | 0.87 | 2.85 ** |
| Social connection with friend | 1.74 | 0.91 | 1.87 | 0.88 | 1.57 | 0.92 | 3.97 *** | 1.81 | 0.88 | 1.62 | 0.95 | 2.45 ** |
* p<.05. ** p<.01. *** p<.001.