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. 2024 May 15;26:13. doi: 10.1186/s12575-024-00239-0

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Proteomic analysis of soft and hard mucin obtained from LG-PMP and HG-PMP samples compared to control samples. A Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) of the proteome profile between soft (left; n = 14) and hard (right; n = 15) mucin samples and control tissues (n = 10). B Volcano plots showing Log2 Fold Change expression vs –log10 (p-value) of differentially expressed proteins with a p-value < 0.05 and an absolute Log2 Fold Change > 1 in the same sample set. Green colour indicates up-regulated proteins and red colour indicates down-regulated proteins. C Protein expression levels of mucin isoforms identified in soft mucin (green bars) and hard mucin (blue bars) mucin samples from PMP compared to control tissue (set to 100%; dashed line). D, G PLS-DA analysis of the proteome profile of low and high-grade soft mucin (SM) (D) and hard mucin (HM) (G) samples compared to control tissues. E, H Volcano plots showing Log2 Fold Change expression vs –log10 (p-value) of differentially expressed proteins with a p-value < 0.05 and an absolute Log2 Fold Change > 1 in low (left panel) and high-grade (right panel) soft mucin (E) and hard mucin (H) samples compared to control tissues. F, I Protein expression levels of identified mucin isoforms in low (light bars) and high-grade (dark bars) soft mucin (F) and hard mucin (I) samples compared to control tissue (set to 100%; dashed line). * p < 0.05 and, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001