Table 1.
Patient characteristics, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging assessment, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure assessment stratified by sex
| Female sex (n = 497) | Male sex (n = 338) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 66 ± 13 | 66 ± 13 | 0.84 |
| Body surface area (m2) | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 2.0 ± 0.2 | <0.0001 |
| Heart rate (b.p.m.) | 72 ± 15 | 70 ± 16 | 0.02 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%) | 45 (9) | 52 (15) | 0.005 |
| Heart failure preserved ejection fraction, n (%) | 306 (62) | 136 (40) | <0.0001 |
| Heart failure mid-range ejection fraction, n (%) | 10 (2) | 22 (7) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure reduced ejection fraction, n (%) | 12 (2) | 11 (3) | 0.47 |
| Other, n (%) | 169 (34) | 169 (50) | <0.0001 |
| Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging data | |||
| Heart rate (b.p.m.) | 77 ± 14.0 | 74 ± 14 | 0.0004 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 146 ± 28 | 140 ± 24 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 78 ± 12 | 78 ± 14 | 0.32 |
| Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (mL) | 103 ± 30 | 121 ± 43 | <0.0001 |
| Left ventricular end-systolic volume (mL) | 32 ± 17 | 45 ± 24 | <0.0001 |
| Left ventricular stroke volume (mL) | 71 ± 22 | 76 ± 27 | 0.001 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 69 ± 11 | 63 ± 11 | <0.0001 |
| Left ventricular mass (g) | 84 ± 24 | 118 ± 36 | <0.0001 |
| Left atrial volume (mL) | 75 ± 39 | 82 ± 49 | 0.01 |
| Right ventricular end-diastolic volume (mL) | 131 ± 52 | 173 ± 67 | <0.0001 |
| Right ventricular end-systolic volume (mL) | 71 ± 40 | 106 ± 53 | <0.0001 |
| Right ventricular stroke volume (mL) | 60 ± 24 | 67 ± 29 | <0.001 |
| Right ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 47 ± 13 | 40 ± 13 | <0.0001 |
| PCWP assessment | |||
| Invasive PCWP (mmHg) | 14.0 ± 6.0 | 13.7 ± 6.0 | 0.5 |
| Generic CMR-derived PCWP | 13.0 ± 3.0 | 14.7 ± 4.0 | <0.001 |
| Sex-specific CMR-derived PCWP | 14.1 ± 3.0 | 13.8 ± 4.0 | 0.3 |