Table 1.
Demographic characteristics, indication(s) for PrEP, PrEP awareness, and global measures by age group.
| Variable | 18–24 years (N = 487) | 25–34 years (N = 583) | 35–44 years (N = 142) | 45–54 years (N = 64) | 55+ years (N = 45) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics a | ||||||
| Race | <0.01 | |||||
| Black | 329 (69.1) | 435 (76.5) | 94 (68.1) | 59 (92.2) | 37 (84.1) | |
| White | 59 (12.4) | 56 (9.8) | 17 (12.3) | 1 (1.6) | 5 (11.4) | |
| Other | 88 (18.5) | 78 (13.7) | 27 (19.6) | 4 (6.3) | 2 (4.6) | |
| Marital status | <0.01 | |||||
| Married or Living Together | 38 (7.9) | 67 (11.5) | 41 (29.3) | 13 (20.3) | 11 (24.4) | |
| Divorce or Separated | 2 (0.4) | 24 (4.1) | 22 (15.7) | 18 (28.1) | 16 (35.6) | |
| Single | 444 (91.7) | 491 (84.4) | 77 (55.0) | 33 (51.6) | 18 (40.0) | |
| Education | <0.01 | |||||
| Less than high school degree | 18 (3.7) | 22 (3.8) | 10 (7.1) | 9 (14.1) | 6 (13.6) | |
| High School or GED | 152 (31.3) | 149 (25.6) | 22 (15.6) | 25 (39.1) | 15 (34.1) | |
| Some College | 188 (38.8) | 217 (37.3) | 57 (40.4) | 18 (28.1) | 17 (38.6) | |
| Bachelor’s | 115 (23.7) | 121 (20.8) | 27 (19.2) | 6 (9.4) | 1 (2.3) | |
| Post Graduate | 12 (2.5) | 73 (12.5) | 25 (17.7) | 6 (9.4) | 5 (11.4) | |
| Employment | <0.01 | |||||
| Full-time | 170 (35.2) | 308 (54.1) | 76 (55.5) | 22 (34.9) | 9 (20.5) | |
| Part-time | 151 (31.3) | 95 (16.7) | 17 (12.4) | 11 (17.5) | 2 (4.6) | |
| Student | 81 (16.8) | 37 (6.5) | 3 (2.2) | 2 (3.2) | 1 (2.3) | |
| Unemployed/Other | 81 (16.8) | 129 (22.7) | 41 (29.9) | 28 (44.4) | 32 (72.7) | |
| Income | <0.01 | |||||
| <15K | 223 (54.3) | 179 (33.7) | 40 (30.3) | 29 (48.3) | 20 (51.3) | |
| 15–30K | 76 (18.5) | 107 (20.2) | 14 (10.6) | 8 (13.3) | 6 (15.4) | |
| 30–50K | 66 (16.1) | 154 (29.0) | 30 (22.7) | 13 (21.7) | 7 (18.0) | |
| >50K | 46 (11.2) | 91 (17.1) | 48 (36.4) | 10 (16.7) | 6 (15.4) | |
| Medical insurance | <0.01 | |||||
| None | 132 (27.4) | 155 (27.1) | 21 (15.8) | 12 (19.4) | 7 (15.9) | |
| Private | 126 (26.2) | 100 (17.5) | 36 (27.1) | 7 (11.3) | 6 (13.6) | |
| Public | 148 (30.8) | 277 (48.4) | 63 (47.4) | 41 (66.1) | 30 (68.2) | |
| Other | 75 (15.6) | 40 (7.0) | 13 (9.8) | 2 (3.2) | 1 (2.3) | |
| Indication(s) for PrEP a | ||||||
| Shared injection equipment or tattoo/piercing equipment | 19 (3.9) | 29 (5.0) | 5 (3.5) | 5 (7.8) | 1 (2.2) | 0.52 |
| Casual sex partner(s) | 149 (30.6) | 165 (28.3) | 37 (26.1) | 11 (17.2) | 10 (22.2) | 0.18 |
| Inconsistent condom use | 346 (71.1) | 422 (72.4) | 101 (71.1) | 40 (62.5) | 18 (40.0) | <0.01 |
| >1 Sex partner | 293 (60.2) | 326 (55.9) | 55 (38.7) | 18 (28.1) | 10 (22.2) | <0.01 |
| STI(s) in the last 12 months | 107 (22.0) | 69 (11.8) | 13 (9.2) | 8 (12.5) | 4 (8.9) | <0.01 |
| Transactional sex | 8 (1.6) | 19 (3.3) | 6 (4.2) | 5 (7.8) | 3 (6.7) | 0.02 |
| Perceived Risk of HIV acquisition b | ||||||
| Lifetime perceived risk of HIV acquisition (1–5) | 1.7 ± 0.7 | 1.6 ± 0.7 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.6 ± 0.8 | 1.6 ± 0.7 | 0.70 |
| Perceived risk of HIV acquisition in next 12 months (1–5) | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 0.49 |
| PrEP awareness a | ||||||
| Heard of people who do not have HIV taking PrEP to reduce the risk of getting HIV | 187 (39.9) | 245 (43.0) | 57 (42.2) | 22 (36.1) | 15 (36.6) | 0.70 |
| Heard about PrEP from Doctor | 54 (28.9) | 66 (26.9) | 14 (24.6) | 6 (27.3) | 3 (20.0) | 0.92 |
| Discussion with a healthcare provider about taking PrEP in the past 12 months | 35 (18.8) | 58 (23.7) | 14 (25.0) | 8 (36.4) | 5 (33.3) | 0.27 |
| Received PrEP or a PrEP prescription in the past 12 months | 8 (22.9) | 12 (21.7) | 8 (57.1) | 2 (25.0) | 4 (80.0) | <0.01 |
| Global measures b | ||||||
| Attitude | 4.2 ± 0.9 | 4.0 ± 1.0 | 3.9 ± 1.1 | 4.0 ± 1.0 | 4.1 ± 1.0 | 0.03 |
| Using daily PrEP to prevent HIV would make me feel in control of my health | 3.8 ± 1.1 | 3.7 ± 1.2 | 3.7 ± 1.3 | 3.7 ± 1.4 | 3.7 ± 1.4 | 0.43 |
| PrEP is a safe way to prevent HIV infection | 4.1 ± 1.0 | 4.0 ± 1.0 | 4.0 ± 1.1 | 4.0 ± 1.1 | 4.2 ± 1.2 | 0.45 |
| PrEP is an effective tool to prevent HIV infection | 4.1 ± 1.0 | 4.0 ± 1.0 | 4.0 ± 1.0 | 4.0 ± 1.1 | 3.9 ± 1.3 | 0.72 |
| Injunctive norms | 4.0 ± 1.1 | 3.8 ± 1.2 | 3.9 ± 1.2 | 3.6 ± 1.5 | 3.8 ± 1.5 | 0.07 |
| Descriptive norms | 3.3 ± 1.2 | 3.1 ± 1.3 | 3.4 ± 1.2 | 3.3 ± 1.5 | 3.5 ± 1.4 | 0.13 |
| People would shame me if they learned that I was taking PrEP | 2.0 ± 1.1 | 2.0 ± 1.1 | 2.0 ± 1.2 | 1.8 ± 1.2 | 2.0 ± 1.2 | 0.73 |
| Self-efficacy | 4.0 ± 1.1 | 4.0 ± 1.1 | 4.0 ± 1.2 | 3.5 ± 1.6 | 3.6 ± 1.6 | <0.01 |
| If I really wanted to, I could remember to take the pill every day | 4.0 ± 1.1 | 4.0 ± 1.2 | 4.0 ± 1.2 | 3.9 ± 1.4 | 4.1 ± 1.4 | 0.87 |
| If I really wanted to, I could take the pill every day, even if it gave me a stomach ache | 3.0 ± 1.3 | 3.0 ± 1.4 | 3.2 ± 1.4 | 2.9 ± 1.5 | 3.2 ± 1.6 | 0.60 |
| I could use PrEP for HIV prevention, even if my main partner didn’t want me to | 4.2 ± 1.0 | 4.2 ± 1.1 | 4.1 ± 1.2 | 3.9 ± 1.4 | 4.1 ± 1.3 | 0.49 |
| I just can’t take pills | 1.9 ± 1.2 | 1.9 ± 1.2 | 2.1 ± 1.4 | 2.2 ± 1.4 | 2.0 ± 1.4 | 0.25 |
a
Categorical data are presented as n(% of participants n represents within each age group).
b
Numerical data are presented as mean ± SD. Scores range from +1 to +5.
PrEP, Pre-exposure prophylaxis.