Table 5.
Comparison of norms by age group.
| Variable | Age group (n1, n2) | No-intention | Intention | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Injunctive norms | ||||
| Perceived sources of support for PrEP use a | 18–24 (n1 = 442, n2 = 44) | 3.9 ± 1.1 | 4.5 ± 0.9 | <0.01 |
| 25–34 (n1 = 526, n2 = 55) | 3.8 ± 1.2 | 4.3 ± 1.0 | <0.01 | |
| 35–44 (n1 = 121, n2 = 19) | 3.8 ± 1.3 | 4.6 ± 0.7 | <0.01 | |
| 45–54 (n1 = 59, n2 = 5) | 3.5 ± 1.5 | 4.6 ± 0.9 | 0.13 | |
| 55+ (n1 = 37, n2 = 8) | 3.6 ± 1.5 | 4.4 ± 1.4 | 0.21 | |
| Medical provider | 18–24 (n1 = 420, n2 = 43) | 6.6 ± 3.9 | 7.9 ± 3.9 | 0.03 |
| 25–34 (n1 = 496, n2 = 52) | 6.3 ± 4.3 | 9.1 ± 2.3 | <0.01 | |
| 35–44 (n1 = 111, n2 = 18) | 5.2 ± 4.7 | 8.3 ± 3.2 | <0.01 | |
| 45–54 (n1 = 58, n2 = 5) | 6.3 ± 5.0 | 7.8 ± 3.0 | 0.53 | |
| 55+ (n1 = 29, n2 = 8) | 6.8 ± 4.8 | 8.8 ± 2.1 | 0.11 | |
| Main sexual partner | 18–24 (n1 = 381, n2 = 35) | 5.2 ± 4.6 | 7.6 ± 4.0 | <0.01 |
| 25–34 (n1 = 450, n2 = 52) | 4.9 ± 5.0 | 8.2 ± 3.0 | <0.01 | |
| 35–44 (n1 = 107, n2 = 19) | 3.6 ± 5.5 | 6.7 ± 4.1 | 0.02 | |
| 45–54 (n1 = 52, n2 = 5) | 5.3 ± 5.0 | 8.2 ± 2.0 | 0.21 | |
| 55+ (n1 = 23, n2 = 8) | 5.7 ± 6.2 | 7.3 ± 4.0 | 0.50 | |
| Casual sexual partner | 18–24 (n1 = 264, n2 = 25) | 3.7 ± 4.2 | 5.3 ± 4.6 | 0.08 |
| 25–34 (n1 = 311, n2 = 39) | 4.1 ± 4.4 | 5.7 ± 4.5 | 0.03 | |
| 35–44 (n1 = 66, n2 = 12) | 4.0 ± 4.2 | 4.7 ± 4.8 | 0.64 | |
| 45–54 (n1 = 27, n2 = 3) | 5.0 ± 4.7 | 8.7 ± 1.2 | 0.19 | |
| 55+ (n1 = 18, n2 = 4) | 5.8 ± 4.9 | 2.5 ± 5.3 | 0.24 | |
| Best friend | 18–24 (n1 = 408, n2 = 39) | 4.8 ± 4.1 | 7.1 ± 4.0 | <0.01 |
| 25–34 (n1 = 499, n2 = 47) | 4.2 ± 4.6 | 7.1 ± 3.4 | <0.01 | |
| 35–44 (n1 = 107, n2 = 18) | 3.2 ± 4.7 | 5.8 ± 4.5 | 0.03 | |
| 45–54 (n1 = 52, n2 = 5) | 5.1 ± 4.5 | 5.6 ± 4.3 | 0.81 | |
| 55+ (n1 = 29, n2 = 8) | 4.1 ± 5.0 | 5.8 ± 4.1 | 0.41 | |
| Children | 18–24 (n1 = 223, n2 = 26) | 4.5 ± 4.8 | 5.8 ± 4.8 | 0.18 |
| 25–34 (n1 = 339, n2 = 41) | 4.6 ± 5.0 | 6.0 ± 4.8 | 0.08 | |
| 35–44 (n1 = 90, n2 = 15) | 3.2 ± 5.2 | 7.1 ± 3.9 | <0.01 | |
| 45–54 (n1 = 52, n2 = 4) | 6.0 ± 5.0 | 3.8 ± 4.8 | 0.39 | |
| 55+ (n1 = 24, n2 = 8) | 5.0 ± 5.1 | 6.6 ± 4.1 | 0.42 | |
| Descriptive norms | ||||
| Perceived likelihood of similar peers to use PrEP for HIV prevention in the next 12 months | 18–24 (n1 = 441, n2 = 44) | 3.2 ± 1.1 | 4.2 ± 1.1 | <0.01 |
| 25–34 (n1 = 527, n2 = 56) | 3.1 ± 1.2 | 4.0 ± 1.2 | <0.01 | |
| 35–44 (n1 = 121, n2 = 19) | 3.2 ± 1.2 | 4.4 ± 0.8 | <0.01 | |
| 45–54 (n1 = 59, n2 = 5) | 3.3 ± 1.5 | 3.8 ± 0.8 | 0.45 | |
| 55+ (n1 = 36, n2 = 8) | 3.3 ± 1.4 | 4.1 ± 1.5 | 0.15 | |
| People would shame me if they learned that I was taking PrEP | 18–24 (n1 = 439, n2 = 43) | 2.0 ± 1.1 | 1.7 ± 1.0 | 0.20 |
| 25–34 (n1 = 525, n2 = 55) | 2.0 ± 1.1 | 1.7 ± 1.1 | 0.04 | |
| 35–44 (n1 = 121, n2 = 19) | 2.0 ± 1.1 | 1.9 ± 1.4 | 0.79 | |
| 45–54 (n1 = 59, n2 = 5) | 1.9 ± 1.2 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | <0.01 | |
| 55+ (n1 = 36, n2 = 8) | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 1.8 ± 1.5 | 0.46 | |
a
Scores range from −10 to +10. Others without notes range from +1 to +5. Categorical data are presented as n(%). Numerical data are presented as mean ± SD. The brackets before age group indicate the rank of person important to the subjects at each age group. The n1, n2 in the second column indicates the number of subjects answering the question without intention and with intention to use PrEP, respectively.
PrEP, Pre-exposure prophylaxis.