TABLE 1.

Statistically significant causality between identified metabolites and AGA.

Trait	Exposure	Level	Method	OR(95%CI)	P‐value	Heterogeneity pleiotropy	Pleiotropy
AGA	Scyllo‐inositol	Lipid	IVW	0.028091 (0.001917‐0.411733)	0.009113	> 0.05 > 0.05	> 0.05
			WM	0.007643 (0.000185‐0.010270)	0.158748
			MR‐PRESSO	0.028091 (0.003731‐0.211502)	0.006038
AGA	Alpha‐ketoglutarate	Energy	IVW	0.059195 (0.006137‐0.570994)	0.014502	> 0.05 > 0.05	> 0.05
			WM	0.026324 (0.000967‐0.716910)	0.030975
			MR‐PRESSO	0.059195 (0.010016 −0.349844)	0.006616
AGA	X‐12261	Unknown	IVW	0.309190 (0.137904 ‐ 0.693224)	0.004379	> 0.05 > 0.05	> 0.05
			WM	0.305613 (0.104759 ‐ 0.891564)	0.029998
			MR‐PRESSO	0.309190 (0.137905‐0.693224)	0.017266
AGA	X‐12465	Unknown	IVW	0.063205 (0.006339‐0.630168)	0.018594	> 0.05 > 0.05	> 0.05
			MR‐Egger	0.003600 (8.55155E‐5‐0.151586)	0.014568
			WM	0.024585 (0.000979‐0.617185)	0.024229
			MR‐PRESSO	0.063205 (0.006339‐0.630168)	0.038245
AGA	X‐12728	Unknown	IVW	0.816292 (0.723337‐0.921192)	0.000999	> 0.05 > 0.05	> 0.05
			WM	0.823736 (0.691427‐0.981363)	0.029962
			MR‐PRESSO	0.816292 (0.729491‐0.913421)	0.001036
AGA	Heme*	Cofactors and vitamins	IVW	33.277696 (2.625720‐421.752828)	0.006829	> 0.05 > 0.05	> 0.05
			WM	43.730665 (1.161639‐1646.270353)	0.041257
			MR‐PRESSO	33.277683 (2.625718‐421.752985)	0.020471
AGA	2‐palmitoylglycero phosphocholine*	Lipid	IVW	59.113854 (2.803544‐1246.439619)	0.008722	> 0.05 > 0.05	> 0.05
			WM	231.840244 (2.446127‐21973.4686)	0.019017
			MR‐PRESSO	59.11384 (4.832288‐723.145177)	0.004789

Abbreviations: AGA, Androgenic alopecia; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; IVW, inverse variance weighted; MR‐Egger, Mendelian randomization‐Egger; WM, weighted median; MR‐PRESSO, Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier.