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. 2023 Dec 6;229(5):1266–1276. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiad558

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Results of hierarchical clustering and subsequent PC analysis of blood and CSF biomarkers. A, The 4 clusters identified at hierarchical clustering at a threshold of distance of 15–20: cluster 1 was composed of CSF and plasma BA42 and CSF CCL2; cluster 2 was composed of CSF and plasma sCD14, CSF tau, CSF 8-oxo-dG, and plasma sCD40L; cluster 3 was composed of plasma CCL2 and plasma and CSF IL-6; cluster 4 was composed of the remaining biomarkers. B, The component identified in each cluster, the cumulative proportion of variance explained within cluster, and the biomarkers factored into each PC with the respective loading factors. The sign of all loading factors goes in the same direction (positive), but for PC2 of cluster 2, where plasma sCD14 increases while plasma sCD40L decreases. Abbreviations: 8-oxo-dG, 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine; Aβ42, fragment 1–42 of β amyloid; c, CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; CCL2, chemokine C-C motif ligand 2; CV, cumulative % variance; IL-6, interleukin 6; NFL, neurofilament light chain; p, plasma; PC, principal component; sCD14, soluble cluster of differentiation 14; sCD40L, soluble ligand of cluster of differentiation 40; sTNFR-II, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type II; tau, total tau protein.