Table 3.

Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of preoperative clinical and EOB-MR imaging features for microvascular invasion in study patients

Variable	Univariable analysis		Multivariable analysis
	OR (95% CI)	p value	OR (95% CI)	p value
Age, years	1.020 (0.998–1.042)	0.069
Gender [female, ref.]	1.134 (0.708–1.816)	0.600
Etiology
NBNC	1 (reference)
HBV	0.689 (0.444–1.069)	0.096
HCV	2.636 (0.781–8.901)	0.118
Liver cirrhosis	1.214 (0.819–1.799)	0.334
Serum albumin, g/dL	0.764 (0.439–1.332)	0.343
Serum total bilirubin, mg/dL	1.543 (0.749–3.179)	0.239
Serum platelets, 10^3/μL	1.000 (1.000–1.000)	0.588
Serum ALT, IU/L	0.996 (0.987–1.005)	0.349
Serum AST (IU/L)	0.995 (0.995–1.007)	0.380
α-FP ≥25 ng/mL and PIVKA-II ≥40 ng/mL	2.522 (1.601–3.974)	<0.001*	2.267 (1.384–3.712)	0.001*
EOB-MR imaging feature
Tumor size ≥3 cm and ≤5 cm	2.253 (1.496–3.391)	<0.001*	2.314 (1.481–3.615)	<0.001*
Non-smooth tumor margin [smooth, ref.]	3.009 (1.977–4.580)	<0.001*	2.430 (1.536–3.845)	<0.001*
LR-M featuresa	2.846 (1.297–6.248)	0.009*
Arterial peritumoral enhancement	2.621 (1.699–4.045)	<0.001*	2.134 (1.336–3.408)	0.002*
Peritumoral HBP low SI	2.929 (1.743–4.924)	<0.001*
Iso/High HBP SI [low SI, ref.]	0.408 (0.129–1.289)	0.127
Satellite nodule	1.570 (0.727–3.390)	0.251

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; NBNC, non-B, non-C hepatitis; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; ALT, serum alanine transaminase; AST, serum aspartate transaminase; α-FP, alpha-fetoprotein; PIVKA-II, protein induced by vitamin K absence-II; HBP, hepatobiliary phase; SI, signal intensity.

*Statistically significant results from logistic regression analysis. Variables with p < 0.05 in the univariate logistic regression analysis were subjected to multivariate logistic regression analysis.

^aLR-M features were defined by the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2018.