Table 4.

The epidemiology features of AKI in in patients with FS of different etiologies

Etiologies	Percentage of AKI	Mechanisms	Recovery rate
COVID-19 infection [70]	66.7% (n = 30)	Damage renal PT cells via ACE2 causing FS, followed by AKI	20% in HD treatment
Tenofovir and diclofenac administration [71]	61.9% (n = 21)	Reduction of renal blood flow and interstitial nephritis by diclofenac; prior CKD, AIDS, HCV infection and liver disease	Not available
Hemolysis induced by LVAD [72]	60.0% (n = 7)	Chronic PT functional alterations might impair kidney adaptability	Not available

COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; ACE2, angiotensin converting enzyme 2; HD, hemodialysis; FS, Fanconi syndrome; AKI, acute kidney injury; CKD, chronic kidney disease; AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; HCV, hepatitis C virus; LVAD, left ventricular assist device.