Table 3.
Analysis of risk factors associated with gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding
| Risk factors | Control (n = 83) | GI bleeding (n = 14) | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | p value | OR | 95% CI | p value | |||
| Male gender (%) | 67 (80.7) | 8 (57.1) | 3.1 | 0.9–10.3 | 0.080 | 5.0 | 1.2–21.3 | 0.030 |
| Age (mean±SD), years | 59.5±11.5 | 58.5±17.1 | 0.780 | |||||
| Etiology eradication (%) | 50/69 (72.5) | 4/9 (44.4) | 3.3 | 0.8–13.6 | 0.124 | |||
| Child-Pugh B/C (%) | 21/74 (28.4) | 2/11 (18.2) | 1.7 | 0.4–8.9 | 0.719 | |||
| MELD-Na, median (IQR) | 11.0 (9.0–14.0) | 12.0 (10.0–14.0) | 0.516 | |||||
| PVT (%) | 20 (24.1) | 2 (14.3) | 0.5 | 0.1–2.5 | 0.513 | |||
| HCC (%) | 8 (9.7) | 1 (7.1) | 0.7 | 0.8–6.3 | 1.000 | |||
| NSBBs (%) | 53/82 (64.6) | 9 (64.3) | 0.9 | 0.3–3.2 | 0.980 | |||
| PPIs (%) | 56/82 (68.3) | 10 (71.4) | 1.2 | 0.3–4.0 | 1.000 | |||
| Anticoagulants (%) | 11 (13.3) | 3 (21.4) | 1.8 | 0.4–7.4 | 0.420 | |||
| Platelets 109/L, median (IQR) | 82.0 (58.0–138.0) | 108.0 (72.5–184.5) | 0.257 | |||||
| INR, median (IQR) | 1.3 (1.1–1.4) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 0.383 | |||||
| Nr.EBL sessions (mean±SD) | 3.9±1.9 | 5.6±2.3 | 0.003 | 1.4 | 1.1–2.0 | 0.025 | ||
| Incomplete VE (%) | 27 (32.5) | 11 (78.6) | 0.1 | 0.03–0.5 | 0.001 | 4.9 | 1.1–21.4 | 0.036 |
| Severe PHG (%) | 33 (39.8) | 6 (42.9) | 1.1 | 0.4–3.6 | 0.827 | |||
| Pandemic group (%) | 37 (44.6) | 7 (50.0) | 1.2 | 0.4–3.9 | 0.706 | |||
SD, standard deviation; MELD, Model of End-Stage Liver Disease; IQR, interquartile range; PVT, portal vein thrombosis; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; NSBBs, nonselective β-blockers; PPIs, proton pump inhibitors; INR, international normalized ratio; EBL, endoscopic band ligation; PHG, portal hypertensive gastropathy.