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. 2021 Oct 13;7(42):eabj0954. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abj0954

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Copyright © 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

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Fig. 5. — (A) Silica SPs fracture at much lower strain and stress than PS SPs in humid condition. Blue and green lines show the averaged stress-strain data, and the colored band indicates the SD. The larger SD for silica particles indicates a brittle fracture behavior. (B) Vacuum does not influence the deformation resistance of silica SPs but reduces the deformation resistance for PS SPs. In vacuum, silica and PS SPs fracture at similar stress. (C to E) SEM images of the different SPs after compression (box color-coded to match the curve colors in A, B). Brittle silica SPs break into two pieces in both humid condition (C) and in vacuum (D), and their primary silica particles are not deformed at the individual particle level. In contrast to the large deformation in humid condition (E), PS particles show little deformation in vacuum (F).