Table 2. The selected publications summary.

Author (Year)	Title	Study design	Sample size	Outcome/Method of assessment	Factors
Ekawati et al. (2020) [15]	Defining malaria risks among forest workers in Aceh, Indonesia: A formative assessment	Qualitative study	231	Index cases, co-workers, community health workers, residents of forest fringe villages, non-forest fringe village residents, tokes, community leaders, government authorities, and health facility staff were involved.	• Extended stays in forests. • Lack of prevention practice. • Misconceptions and beliefs regarding malaria. • Delayed treatment-seeking behaviour. • Risk behaviours include • not using mosquito nets or repellent at night, • working and sleeping outdoors at night, and • only lighting a fire to ward off mosquitoes when sleeping. • Practical challenges when implementing preventive measures.
				The 72 IDIs and 20 FGs were analysed thematically following a grounded theory approach to identify key themes and patterns related to malaria risks and treatment-seeking behaviours among forest workers. The study also involved the development of a draft codebook for qualitative analysis and the utilisation of qualitative analysis software for data coding.
Doum et al. (2023) [16]	An active and targeted survey reveals asymptomatic malaria infections among high-risk populations in Mondulkiri, Cambodia	Cross-sectional	1301	The participants were recruited from 21 villages and 15 ranger stations in the Mondulkiri province.	Gender (socio-demographic) factor. Females had less odds contracting malaria than males (aOR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.38–0.97, p = 0.04)
				Individuals with significant malaria infection risk were targeted for blood sample collection. The participants include
				1. forest rangers and patrol teams spending at least 21 days or a month in forested areas,
				2. forest dwellers, including those living and working in forests or within 1 km of forest edges, and
				3. forest goers living over 1 km from forest edges but visit forested areas at least a day or a week.
				The outcome measure was the malaria infection prevalence (by parasite species) per target population and was determined using the number of positive individuals divided by the total sample size.
Istiana et al. (2021) [17]	Malaria at Forest Areas in South Kalimantan, Indonesia: Risk Factors and Strategies for Elimination	Cross-sectional	107	A standardised questionnaire was employed to collect patient age, gender, village of residence, education, occupation, ethnicity, and house condition data, including roof condition, walls, house ceiling, mosquito wire screen utilisations, and animal cage possession.	• Age: Participants under 25 years old recorded a higher prevalence of malaria (OR = 2.526; 95% CI: 0.804–7939) • Occupation: Forest workers documented an increased risk of malaria (95% CI: 0.572–47.169) • Housing conditions: • Living in houses with an open wall: (aOR = 4.677; 95% CI: 0.533–41.079) • Living in houses with unstandardised roofs: (aOR = 3.025; 95% CI: 0.761–12.024) • Animal cages around the house: (OR = 6.292)
				Blood samples were obtained from the participants for malaria microscopy and rapid diagnostic evaluations.
Canavati et al. (2019) [18]	Risk factor assessment for clinical malaria among forest-goers in a pre-elimination setting in Phu Yen Province, Vietnam	Case-control study	81 cases and 94 controls, approximately 1:1 case to control ratio	Participants were interviewed face-to-face using a standard questionnaire to identify malaria risk factors.	Utilisation of treated nets (OR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.12–0.7) Sleeping in huts without walls (or was not computed due to the low number of observations, n = 4) Collecting water after dark (aOR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.02–3.90) Bathing in streams after dark (aOR = 2.44; 95% CI: 1.02–5.88) Working after dark (aOR = 2.93; 95% CI: 1.35–6.34)
Jongdeepaisal et al. (2022) [9]	Forest malaria and prospects for anti-malarial hemoprophylaxis among forest goers: Findings from a qualitative study in Lao PDR	Qualitative study	31	In-depth interviews were conducted with 16 forest goers and 15 stakeholders in Savannakhet province, Lao PDR	• Overnight in farm huts • Working and sleeping at night in forests • Spending time outdoors at home • Staying in houses close to mosquito breeding pools • Insufficient employment of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs)