Table 8.
Three Validated Risk Models for Stroke
| Risk Factor | CHA2DS2-VASc2 | ATRIA1 | GARFIELD3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age ≥85 y | 6 | 0.98 | |
| Age ≥75 y | 2 | 5 | 0.59 |
| Age 65–74 y | 1 | 3 | 0.20 |
| Female sex | 1 | 1 | |
| Hypertension | 1 | 0.16 | |
| Renal disease | 1 | 0.35 | |
| Diabetes | 1 | 1 | 0.21 |
| Current smoking | 0.48 | ||
| Congestive heart failure | 1 | 1 | 0.23 |
| Previous stroke or TIA | 2 | 2–8* | 0.80 |
| Vascular disease | 1 | 0.20 | |
| Dementia | 0.51 | ||
| Previous bleeding | 0.30 | ||
| Proteinuria | 1 | ||
| Low risk score | 0 | 0–5 | 0–0.89 |
| Intermediate risk score | 1 | 6 | 0.90–1.59 |
| High risk score | ≥2 | 7–15 | ≥1.60 |
| C-index (11) | 0.63 | 0.66 | - |
| C-index (13) | 0.67 | - | 0.71 |
*
8 points if age <65 y; 4 points if age 65–74 y; 2 points if age 75–84 y; and 3 points if ≥85 y.
ATRIA indicates Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation: anemia, renal disease, elderly (age ≥75 y), any previous bleeding, hypertension; CHA2DS2-VASc, indicates congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 y (doubled), diabetes mellitus, prior stroke or transient ischemic attack or thromboembolism (doubled), vascular disease, age 65 to 74 y, sex category; GARFIELD-AF, Global Anticoagulant Registry in the Field-Atrial Fibrillation; and TIA, transient ischemic attack.