TABLE 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Total Study Population and Those Who Developed Postbaseline Cardiomyopathy
| Characteristic | Total (N = 1,483) | Cardiomyopathy (n = 162) |
|---|---|---|
| Age at diagnosis, years, median (range) | 8.0 (0-23.5) | 9.5 (0.1-21.2) |
| Age at assessment, years, median (range) | 37.6 (10.2-70.4) | 41.7 (15.4-61.5) |
| Time from cancer diagnosis to baseline echo, years, median (range) | 20.8 (7.2-47.7) | 22.5 (9.4-45.3) |
| No. of echocardiograms per patient, median (range) | 2 (2-9) | 3 (2-9) |
| Duration between baseline and last follow-up, years, median (range) | 5.6 (0.6-11.4) | 5.1 (0.7-10.0) |
| Chest radiation dose, Gy, median (range) | 26.0 (1.5-62.0) | 26.0 (4.5-45.0) |
| Anthracycline dose, mg/m2, median (range) | 149.5 (12.3-589.2) | 201.8 (24.6-531.1) |
| Race/ethnicity, No. (%) | ||
| White non-Hispanic | 1,227 (83) | 129 (80) |
| Black non-Hispanic | 178 (12) | 28 (17) |
| Hispanic | 51 (3) | 2 (1) |
| Other | 27 (2) | 3 (2) |
| Sex, No. (%) | ||
| Male | 756 (51) | 89 (55) |
| Female | 727 (49) | 73 (45) |
| Age at diagnosis, years, No. (%) | ||
| 0-4 | 520 (35) | 45 (28) |
| 5-9 | 340 (23) | 39 (24) |
| 10-14 | 360 (24) | 46 (28) |
| ≥15 | 263 (18) | 32 (20) |
| Year of diagnosis, No. (%) | ||
| 1960-1969 | 26 (2) | 3 (2) |
| 1970-1979 | 205 (14) | 30 (19) |
| 1980-1989 | 492 (33) | 62 (38) |
| 1990-1999 | 592 (40) | 53 (33) |
| ≥2000 | 168 (11) | 14 (9) |
| Age at assessment, years, No. (%) | ||
| 5-14 | 14 (1) | 0 (0) |
| 15-19 | 24 (2) | 3 (2) |
| 20-24 | 24 (2) | 1 (1) |
| 25-29 | 204 (14) | 11 (7) |
| 30-39 | 609 (41) | 56 (35) |
| 40-49 | 428 (29) | 62 (38) |
| ≥50 | 180 (12) | 29 (18) |
| Age at baseline echocardiogram, years, No. (%) | ||
| 5-9 | 3 (0) | 0 (0) |
| 10-14 | 16 (1) | 1 (1) |
| 15-19 | 66 (4) | 5 (3) |
| 20-24 | 336 (23) | 23 (14) |
| 25-29 | 332 (22) | 28 (17) |
| 30-34 | 325 (22) | 41 (25) |
| 35-39 | 201 (14) | 32 (20) |
| 40-44 | 124 (8) | 17 (10) |
| ≥45 | 80 (5) | 15 (9) |
| Cancer diagnosis, No. (%) | ||
| ALL | 571 (39) | 39 (24) |
| AML | 82 (6) | 7 (4) |
| Hodgkin lymphoma | 233 (16) | 38 (23) |
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | 131 (9) | 17 (10) |
| CNS | 81 (5) | 6 (4) |
| Bone tumor | 118 (8) | 22 (14) |
| Soft tissue sarcoma | 61 (4) | 15 (9) |
| Wilms tumor | 104 (7) | 7 (4) |
| Neuroblastoma | 72 (5) | 9 (6) |
| Retinoblastoma | 5 (0) | 1 (1) |
| Germ cell tumor | 2 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Other | 23 (2) | 1 (1) |
| Cancer treatment, No. (%) | ||
| Chest radiation (yes/no) | 507 (34) | 77 (48) |
| Anthracyclines (yes/no) | 1,274 (86) | 134 (83) |
| Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (CTCAE grade), No. (%) | ||
| Hypertension (≥grade 2) | 275 (19) | 38 (23) |
| Abnormal glucose metabolism (≥grade 2) | 133 (9) | 18 (11) |
| Obesity (≥grade 3) | 464 (31) | 56 (35) |
| Dyslipidemia (≥grade 2) | 236 (16) | 37 (23) |
| IGHG risk group,a No. (%) | ||
| Low | 469 (32) | 23 (14) |
| Moderate | 490 (33) | 40 (25) |
| High | 524 (35) | 99 (61) |
| Baseline global longitudinal strain, No. (%) | ||
| <–18% | 1,041 (70) | 93 (57) |
| ≥–18% | 442 (30) | 69 (43) |
| N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, No. (%) | ||
| Normal | 815 (55) | 76 (47) |
| Abnormal | 237 (16) | 47 (29) |
| Unavailable | 431 (29) | 39 (24) |
Abbreviations: CTCAE, Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events; IGHG, International Guideline Harmonization Group.
a
Low (cumulative doxorubicin-equivalent anthracycline dose 1-99 mg/m2 and chest-directed radiotherapy <15 Gy), moderate (cumulative doxorubicin-equivalent anthracycline dose 100-249 mg/m2 or chest-directed radiotherapy 15-29 Gy), and high (cumulative doxorubicin-equivalent anthracycline dose ≥250 mg/m2, chest-directed radiotherapy ≥30 Gy, or a combination of cumulative doxorubicin-equivalent anthracycline dose ≥100 mg/m2 and chest-directed radiotherapy ≥15 Gy).