Table 1.
Examples of Epidemiological Phenomenon That Can Be Elucidated Using Mosquito-Borne Virus Genome Sequence Data
| Epidemiological Phenomenon | Examples and References |
|---|---|
| Examining outbreak/case transmission linkage at a national or subnational scale | YFV, Uganda/Angola, 2016 [18] YFV, Brazil, 2016–2017 [20] CHIKV, Brazil, 2014 [19] DENV, Brazil, 2013 [21] |
| Confirming autochthonous spread in regions with first cases reported | ZIKV, Florida, 2016 [23] CHIKV, Florida, 2014–2015 [22] |
| Confirming geographic origin of imported or autochthonous arbovirus cases | RVF, China (ex-Angola), 2016 [24] YFV, China (ex-Africa), 2017 [25] JEV, Angola, 2016 [26] ZIKV, Florida, 2016 [23] CHIKV, Brazil, 2014 [19] DENV, Florida, 2013 [28] DENV, Puerto Rico, 1998–2007 [27] |
| Sentinel mosquito-borne virus case detection in otherwise undifferentiated neuroinvasive syndromes | SLEV, California, 2016 [29] Cache Valley Virus, Australia (ex-USA), 2013 [30] |
| Defining lineage host range | MAYV, South America, 2010–2015 [31] MVEV, Australia, 2015 [32] |
| Identifying lag between time of arbovirus emergence and first detection in a geographic area | ZIKV, Florida, 2016 [23] CHIKV, Brazil, 2014 [19] DENV, Peru, 2008–2015 [33] DENV, Brazil, 2006 [34] |
| Identifying patterns and predictors of virus spatial introduction and spread on various spatial scales | DENV, Thailand, 1994–2010 [35] DENV, Brazil, 1997–2008 [37] MAYV, Americas, 2010–2015 [31] WNV, USA, 1999–2004 [36] CHIKV, Nicaragua and USA, 2014–2015 [22] DENV, Vietnam, 2003–2008 [38] |
| Identifying the spatial distribution of strains of possible higher virulence or complications | ZIKV, French Polynesia and Americas, 2013–2016 [39] DENV, Puerto Rico, 1994 [40] |
| Identifying strains of higher vector competence and transmissibility | CHIKV, Indian Ocean, 2005 [41] CHIKV, Kenya, 2016 [42] DENV, Americas, 2001[43] |
| Examining role of virus recombination in virus emergence and spread | MAYV, Brazil, 2014–2015 [31] DENV, global, various years [44, 45] |
| Identifying virus strains of higher risk of vaccine failure | DENV, Asia and Americas, 2011–2014 [47] |
Abbreviations: CHIKV, chikungunya virus; DENV, dengue virus; JEV, Japanese encephalitis virus; MAYV, Mayaro virus; MVEV, Murray Valley encephalitis virus; RVF, Rift Valley Fever; SLEV, Saint Louis encephalitis virus; WNV, West Nile virus; YFV, yellow fever virus.