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. 2024 May 15;10(1):26. doi: 10.1038/s41514-024-00155-3

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — a The annual heatmap of hormesis research illustrates the popularity of keywords between 2014 and 2023, measured by the ratio of yearly citation counts to total citation counts for each keyword. The red color indicates the highest levels of popularity. b The relevance heatmap of hormesis research illustrates the popularity of keywords. Keywords with high popularity during comparable periods are grouped into distinct categories and distinguished by varying colors. c The principal component analysis of hormesis research reveals the popularity of keywords. Keywords are categorized based on the year of occurrence and are represented by circles of three different colors. The distances between the individual points within each category indicate their relevance. d Conducting a heat analysis on keywords in the field of hormesis using the random forest method. The color distribution in the three columns to the right of each keyword row represents the dynamics of popularity over time.