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. 2024 May 15;14:11110. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-61330-w

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© The Author(s) 2024

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(a) Topographic electrical circuit of the photovoltaic die, including stimulation and recovery channels and feedback LEDs, Z_bio being the biological impedance; (b) Photovoltaic die, showing a stimulation channel consisting of four PV cells in series (at the top), while recovery channel has two (bottom left); the two LEDs are split each in half a circle (bottom right).