Table 1.
Preclinical studies and clinical trials based on ICIs in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
| Target | Agent | ClinicalTrials.Gov Identifier | Combinatorial Agent(s) | Phase | Endpoint | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PD-1 | Nivolumab | NCT0324250 | Sotigalimab(CD40 agonistic antibody), Gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel |
The randomized phase 2 PRINCE trial | OS, PFS, ORR, DCR | Completed |
| PD-1 | Nivolumab | NCT02309177 | Nab-Paclitaxel Plus Gemcitabine | Phase I | DLTs, OS, PFS | Terminated |
| PD-1 | Pembrolizumab | / | Pelareorep(Oncolytic Reovirus); 5-Fluorouracil, Gemcitabine, Irinotecan |
Phase Ib single-arm study | DLTs, Safety | Completed |
| PD-1 | Pembrolizumab | NCT02704156 | SBRT; Trametinib; Gemcitabine | Phase 2 | OS | Completed |
| PD-L1 | Avelumab | NCT03637491 | Talazoparib; Binimetinib | Phase Ib of the JAVELIN PARP MEKi trial | DLTs | Completed |
| PD-L1 | Durvalumab | NCT02879318 | Tremelimumab; Gemcitabine; Nab-Paclitaxel |
The CCTG PA.7 phase II trial | OS, PFS, ORR | Completed |
| PD-L1 | Atezolizumab |
NCT03193190 NCT03281369 |
PEGPH20; Chemotherapy | MORPHEUS Phase Ib/II | ORR, Safety | Completed |
| CTLA-4 | Ipilimumab | / | Gemcitabine | Phase Ib | MTD, OS, PFS, OS, | Completed |
| CTLA-4 | Ipilimumab | / | GVAX | Phase II | OS | Suspended |
| CTLA-4 | Tremelimumab | NCT00556023 | Tremelimumab (CP-675,206); Gemcitabine | Phase I | DLTs | Completed |
Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), Canadian Cancer Trials Group (CCTG), PEGylated recombinant human hyaluronidase (PEGPH20), Allogeneic GM-CSF-Transfected Pancreatic Tumor Vaccine (GVAX), Tremelimumab (CP-675,206) (a fully human monoclonal antibody).