Table 2.
Preclinical studies and clinical trials based on cancer vaccines for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
| Type of immunotherapy | ClinicalTrials. Gov Identifier |
Combinatorial Agent(s) | Phase | Endpoint | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Whole-Cell Vaccines | NCT02243371 | GVAX pancreas vaccines; Cy; CRS-207; Nivolumab |
/ | OS, PFS | Completed |
| Whole-Cell Vaccines | NCT01072981 | Algenpantucel-L | Phase 2 | DFS, OS | Active |
| Whole-Cell Vaccines | NCT01836432 | Algenpantucel-L, FOLFIRINOX, Gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel |
Phase 3 | OS | Terminated |
| Peptide Vaccines | / | GM-CSF, Gemcitabine, GV1001 |
/ | DTH, Proliferation, ELISPOT |
Completed |
| Peptide Vaccines | ISRCTN4382138 | Gemcitabine, Capecitabine, GV1001 |
Phase 3 | OS | Completed |
| Peptide Vaccines | / | MUC-1 | Phase 1 | MOS, | Completed |
| Peptide Vaccines | / | MUC-1,WT1, Chemotherapy |
Phase I/II | MOS,OS | Completed |
| Peptide Vaccines | NCT02261714 | TG01/GM-CSF, Gemcitabine |
Phase 1/2 | OS,DFS | Completed |
| DC vaccines | / | LAK, Gemcitabine, S-1, DC vaccine |
/ | OS | Completed |
| DC vaccines | NCT01410968 | Poly-ICLC, DC | / | Safety, Feasibility |
Completed |
| DC vaccines | NCT01781520 | DC-CIK, (CT) S-1 | Prospective Study | OS, PFS | Completed |
Disease-free survival (DFS), GM-CSF-secreting allogeneic pancreatic tumor cells (GVAX pancreas vaccine), cyclophosphamide (Cy), live, attenuated Listeria monocytogenes-expressing mesothelin (CRS-207), NewLink Genetics Corporation, Ames, IA (algenpantucel-L), disease-free survival (DFS), neoadjuvant SOC chemotherapy (FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel),16-amino acid telomerase peptide (GV1001), Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay (ELISPOT), mucin-1 (MUC-1), median overall survival (MOS), Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1), cancer immunotherapy (TG01), lymphokine-activated killer (LAK), toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 agonist (Poly-ICLC), dendritic cells and cytokine-induced killer cells (DC-CIK).