Table 1.

Research according PICOST structure.

Population	Learners training in basic or advanced life support (laypersons/students/healthcare providers).
Intervention	Instruction using RCDP.
Comparison	Compared to traditional instruction or other forms of learning without RCDP.
Outcomes	Patients’ survival (CRITICAL), knowledge acquisition and retention (IMPORTANT), skills acquisition and retention (IMPORTANT), skill performance in real CPR (IMPORTANT), process outcomes such as costs, resources (NOT IMPORTANT).
Study design	Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies (non-randomized controlled trials, interrupted time series, controlled before-and-after studies, cohort studies) and research letters were eligible for inclusion.
Timeframe	All years and all languages were included as long as there was an English abstract; unpublished studies (e.g., conference abstracts, trial protocols) were excluded. Literature search was performed from inception to Feb 12th, 2024.

CPR: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; RCDP: Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice.