Table 3.
Risk of Bias assessment.
| Non-randomized studies (ROBINS-1). | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First author; year | Confounding | Selection of participants | Classification of interventions | Deviations from intended interventions | Missing data | Measurement of outcomes | Selection of reported results | Overall |
| Hunt; 201477 | Serious | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Low | Serious |
| Randomized studies (RoB 2). | ||||||||
| First author; year | Randomization process | Deviation from intended interventions | Missing outcome data | Measurement of outcomes | Selection of reported results | Overall | ||
| Lemke; 201914 | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns | ||
| Lemke; 202115 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | ||
| Magee; 201816 | Some concerns | Low | Some concerns | Some concerns | Low | High | ||
| Raju; 202117 | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns | ||
| Teixeira de Castro; 202218 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns | Some concerns | ||
| Van Heukelom; 201019 | Some concerns | Low | Low | Some concerns | Low | Some concerns | ||
| Won; 202220 | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns | Low | Some concerns | ||
| Raper; 202421 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns | ||