Table 7. Changes in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of Tteokgalbi prepared with different levels of Cissus powder during storage at 4°C for 11 days.

Variable	Storage days	Treatments1)
		NC	PC	C1	C2	C3
DPPH radical scavenging activity (inhibition %)	1	15.86±5.73dA	44.34±7.34bA	34.50±2.44cAB	58.46±5.01b	72.94±2.84a
	5	14.65±0.95eAB	43.34±4.05cA	33.13±3.25dAB	53.03±1.35b	69.56±2.79a
	7	13.42±1.75eAB	43.05±4.90cA	30.80±0.63dA	51.04±3.65b	64.45±2.54a
	11	11.09±3.41eB	34.34±2.73cB	26.19±0.91dB	46.73±4.17b	62.31±1.86a
ABTS radical scavenging activity (inhibition %)	1	22.95±0.33e	31.63±1.37c	28.52±1.15d	33.92±0.76b	40.18±2.55a
	5	22.25±6.58e	31.98±1.33c	29.50±0.79d	34.49±0.56b	39.29±2.18a
	7	22.24±1.45d	27.77±2.25c	28.64±1.52bc	32.05±2.08b	36.39±2.21a
	11	23.09±0.37d	29.11±2.88c	28.36±0.30c	33.49±1.08b	40.66±2.05a
FRAP (mM FeSO4/g)	1	69.79±31.43aB	475.44±52.41aB	340.50±10.68aB	552.92±8.81aA	875.38±23.08aA
	5	47.71±12.50eAB	425.08±66.54cA	281.92±11.90dA	534.58±8.92bA	720.75±12.84aB
	7	29.25±5.11eA	414.04±24.48bAB	234.88±10.05dC	442.63±3.06cB	642.56±10.83aC
	11	20.06±5.24dB	389.63±24.46bB	224.33±11.13cB	404.19±7.73bC	525.75±9.97aD

Values are expressed as means±SD (n=3).

¹⁾NC, Tteokgalbi without Cissus quadrangularis powder (C); PC, Tteokgalbi treated with 0.10% ascorbic acid as a positive reference; C1, Tteokgalbi treated with 1.00% C; C2, Tteokgalbi treated with 2.00% C; C3, Tteokgalbi treated with 4.00% C.

^A–DValues with different letters within the same column differ significantly by Tukey’s multiple range test (p<0.05).

^a–eValues with different letters within the same row differ significantly by Tukey’s multiple range test (p<0.05).