Fig. 6.

Osteochondral regeneration of bilayer scaffolds implanted at rat joints in vivo. A) The macroscopic evaluation image of the regeneration in the femoral trochlea of rats at 6 and 12 weeks. The control group represented that the defect was not filled with a scaffold. Scale bar: 2 mm. B) Corresponding scores were based on the ICRS macroscopic scoring system (n = 6). C) Young's modulus of normal and repaired group at 12 weeks (n = 3). D) Reconstructed 3D, coronal, and sagittal images of the osteochondral defect region are displayed through micro-CT analysis at 12 weeks. Scale bar: 2 mm. E, F) Bone volume (BV), tissue volume (TV), and bone mineral density (BMD) were quantitatively evaluated based on the grayscale values extracted from the reconstructed images (n = 3). All data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, and error bars indicate Mean ± SD, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001. “ns” represents no significance.