TABLE 1.

Model inputs.

Parameter	Base case	Lower limit	Upper limit	Distribution	Source
Clinical inputs
Progression‐free survival
Toripalimab: Log Normal‐Lambda	2.567	2.310	2.824	Lognormal	Extrapolated from published KM curves from JUIPTER‐02
Toripalimab: Log Normal‐Gamma	0.913	0.822	1.005	Lognormal
Chemotherapy: Log Logistic‐Lambda	2.118	1.906	2.330	Lognormal
Chemotherapy: Log Logistic‐Gamma	0.341	0.307	0.375	Lognormal
Overall survival
Toripalimab: Log Logistic – Lambda	4.094	3.685	4.504	Lognormal	Extrapolated from published KM curves from JUIPTER‐02
Toripalimab: Log Logistic – Gamma	0.701	0.631	0.772	Lognormal
Chemotherapy: Log Normal – Lambda	3.438	3.095	3.783	Lognormal
Chemotherapy: Log Normal – Gamma	0.842	0.758	0.927	Lognormal
Utility inputs
Toripalimab: PFS	0.68	0.61	0.75	Beta	21
Toripalimab: PD	0.66	0.59	0.73	Beta	21
Chemotherapy: PFS	0.61	0.55	0.67	Beta	21
Chemotherapy: PD	0.47	0.42	0.52	Beta	21
Discount rate, %
Cost	3	0	8	Beta	17
QALY	3	0	8	Beta	17
Costs inputs (per cycle/ per event), $
Costs of medication
Toripalimab	8892	8803	9781	Gamma	22
Cisplatin	33	29	36	Gamma	22
Gemcitabine	73	66	80	Gamma	22
Costs of progressive disease
Toripalimab	73,143	65,829	80,457	Gamma	18, 22–24
Chemotherapy	88,914	80,023	97,806	Gamma	18, 22–24
Costs of disease management	637	573	701	Gamma	25
Costs of drug administration	651	586	716	Gamma	25, 26
Costs of terminal care	11,126	10,013	12,239	Gamma	26
Costs of adverse events
Neutropenia	10,073	9066	11,081	Gamma	25
Leukopenia	10,073	9066	11,081	Gamma	25
Anemia	8072	7264	8879	Gamma	25
Thrombocytopenia	9546	8592	10,501	Gamma	25, 27
Lymphopenia	19,805	17,824	21,785	Gamma	26
Hypokalemia	11,889	10,700	13,078	Gamma	27
Hyponatremia	8186	7368	9005	Gamma	27
Pneumonia	16,681	15,013	18,349	Gamma	27

Abbreviations: PD, progressive disease; PFS, progression‐free survival; QALY, quality‐adjusted life year.