Table 5. Examples of typical antigens and antigen sources for hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP; extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) (mod. after Costabel et al. 2020 [113]).
| Antigen | Antigen source | HP type |
|---|---|---|
| Bacteria | ||
| Thermophilic actinomycetes | Moldy hay and straw | Farmer’s lung |
| Sugar cane dust | Bagassosis | |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | Humidifier | Humidifier lung |
| Mycobacteria | ||
| Mycobacterium avium complex | Whirlpools | Whirlpool lung (hot tub lung) |
| Mycobacterium immunogenum | Cooling lubricants | Machinist’s lung |
| Mushrooms | ||
| Absidia corymbifera | Moldy hay and straw | Farmer’s lung |
| Trichosporon cutaneum | Interiors | Summer-type alveolitis |
| Penicillium roqueforti | Cheese production/industrial sources | Cheese washer lung |
| Purpureocillium lilacinum, Aspergillus spp. | Wind instruments | Wind instrument alveolitis |
| Animal proteins | ||
| Feathers and excrement | Birds | Bird keeper lung |
| Serum and urine | Rats | Rat protein alveolitis |
| Plant proteins | ||
| Nut dust | Tiger nuts | Tigernut alveolitis |
| Soy dust | Soy products | Soy dust alveolitis |
| Wood dust | Various wood dusts | Woodworker’s alveolitis |
| Enzymes | ||
| Phytase | Animal feed production | Phytase alveolitis |
| Enzymes from Bacillus subtilis | Biological cleaning agent | Detergent lung |