Skip to main content
. 2024 May 1;27(5):255–264. doi: 10.34172/aim.2024.37

Table 5. The Smoking History of Participants Adhered to the Green Heart Application .

Quit Smoking
(n=23)
Reduced Use
(n=66)
Failed (Using the Same or Increase in Use) (n=13) Total (102) P Value
Nicotine dependence based on the Fagerström test
High 0 (0%) 4 (6.1%) 1 (7.7%) 5 (4.9%) 0.036
Fisher’s exact
Moderate 1 (4.3%) 14 (21.2%) 4 (30.8%) 19 (18.6%)
Low to moderate 8 (34.8%) 30 (45.5%) 6 (46.2%) 44 (43.1%)
Low 14 (60.9%) 18 (27.3%) 2 (15.4%) 34 (33.3%)
Years of smoking
Mean (SD) 17.4 (16.8) 22.4 (11.4) 26.8 (13.1) 21.8 (13.2) 0.101
Kruskal-Wallis
Median [Min., Max.] 15.0 [1.00, 52.0] 23.5 [1.00, 50.0] 30.0 [1.00, 42.0] 23.5 [1.00, 52.0]
Pack-years
Mean (SD) 7.41 (9.86) 20.6 (23.3) 23.1 (15.9) 17.9 (20.8)  < 0.001
Kruskal-Wallis
Median [Min., Max.] 1.75 [0.0500, 33.0] 15.0 [0.250, 164] 16.5 [0.200, 45.0] 14.5 [0.0500, 164]
Number of quit attempts
Mean (SD) 4.17 (6.56) 2.92 (4.33) 3.46 (3.89) 3.27 (4.85) 0.863
Kruskal-Wallis
Median [Min., Max.] 2.00 [0, 30.0] 2.00 [0, 30.0] 2.00 [0, 10.0] 2.00 [0, 30.0]
Use of hookah
No 23 (100%) 59 (89.4%) 10 (76.9%) 92 (90.2%) 0.063
Fisher’s exact
Yes 0 (0%) 7 (10.6%) 3 (23.1%) 10 (9.8%)