Table 1.

Demographics of severely injured patients treated at TAUH with NISS‡ > 16 (2013-2016) with comparison between EQ-5D responders and non-responders

	All		Responders		Non-responders
	n= 627		n= 325	%	n= 302	%	p-value
Age, mean (SD)	50.4 (18.4)		53.6 (17.7)		47.0 (18.5)		<0.001a
Sex, female	177	28 %	102	31 %	75	25 %	0.083b
Sex, male	450	72 %	223	69 %	227	75 %
ASA§
ASA 1-2	421	67 %	220	68 %	201	67 %	0.83b
ASA 3-4	206	33 %	105	32 %	101	33 %
Injury severity scores, median (Q1-Q3)
NISS‡	25 (11)		24 (11)		25 (12)		0.29a
ISS†	17 (9)		17 (11)		17 (9)		0.47a
ICU* days, mean (SD)	3.3 (4.7)		3.5 (5.1)		3.0 (4.1)		0.72a
Education
Low	169	27 %	84	26 %	85	28 %	0.025b
Middle	319	51 %	154	47 %	165	55 %
High	139	22 %	87	27 %	52	17 %
Socioeconomic group
Unemployed	100	16 %	29	9 %	71	24 %	<0.001b
Pensioners	223	36 %	126	39 %	97	32 %
Students	26	4 %	13	4 %	13	4 %
Manual workers, lower-level employees and self-employed	138	22 %	73	22 %	65	22 %
Upper-level employees with administrative, managerial, professional and related occupations	140	22 %	84	26 %	56	18 %
Anatomical distribution of injuries, AIS** ≥2
Head	373	59 %	188	58 %	185	61 %	0.43b
Face	64	10 %	27	8 %	37	12 %	0.13b
Neck	3	0.5%	2	0.6%	1	0.3%	N/A
Thorax	230	37 %	119	37 %	111	37 %	1b
Abdomen	90	14 %	51	16 %	39	13 %	0.38b
Spine	179	29 %	106	33 %	73	24 %	0.024b
with spinal cord injury (AIS** ≥ 4)	66	11 %	42	13 %	24	8 %	0.058b
Upper extremity	147	23 %	80	25 %	67	22 %	0.5331
Lower extremity	153	24 %	77	24 %	76	25 %	0.74b
Unspecified	17	3 %	10	3 %	7	2 %	0.73b

N/A n too small for statistical testing

^§American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) physical status classification system

^‡New Injury Severity Score

^†Injury Severity Score

^*ICU = Intensive Care Unit

^**AIS = Abbreviated Injury Score

a Mann-Whitney U-test

b Chi-square

c Kruskall-Wallis test