Table 4.
Thirty-Day All-Cause Case Fatality (%) With 95% CI Among Patients With Incident Stroke (Age ≥20 Years; Hospital Ascertained Only) Over Time, GCNK Population
| Type | All races | p Value for temporal trenda | ||||
| 1993/94 | 1999 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | ||
| Any type | 13.5 (11.9–15.1) | 14.4 (12.9–16.1) | 14.7 (13.1–16.5) | 13.9 (12.3–15.6) | 12.8 (11.4–14.4) | 0.496 |
| IS | 9.7 (8.3–11.3) | 9.4 (8.1–10.9) | 9.4 (8.0–11.0) | 9.2 (7.8–10.7) | 8.1 (6.9–9.6) | 0.110 |
| ICH | 33.2 (27.4–39.4) | 38.4 (32.6–44.5) | 41.3 (35.5–47.4) | 38.1 (32.3–44.2) | 39.5 (34.0–45.3) | 0.178 |
| SAH | 35.1 (24.8–47.1) | 34.1 (23.9–46.0) | 25.5 (17.0–36.2) | 23.7 (15.3–34.8) | 17.5 (10.8–27.2) | 0.003c |
| Black | White | p Valueb | ||||||||||
| 1993/94 | 1999 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | 1993/94 | 1999 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | Black | White | |
| Any type | 11.6 (8.7–15.4) | 11.5 (8.5–15.3) | 12.1 (9.2–15.7) | 12.5 (9.6–16.0) | 9.5 (7.2–12.6) | 14.7 (13.1–16.5) | 15.9 (14.2–17.7) | 16.1 (14.3–18.1) | 14.9 (13.2–16.8) | 14.3 (12.6–16.2) | 0.514 | 0.594 |
| IS | 6.1 (4.0–9.3) | 6.7 (4.4–10.0) | 7.7 (5.4–11.0) | 7.1 (4.9–10.3) | 5.9 (4.0–8.7) | 11.4 (9.9–13.1) | 10.9 (9.4–12.5) | 10.6 (9.1–12.4) | 10.5 (9.0–12.2) | 9.4 (7.9–11.1) | 0.982 | 0.082 |
| ICH | 30.7 (20.3–43.3) | 33.3 (22.9–45.6) | 30.9 (20.5–43.6) | 30.9 (21.0–42.8) | 25.3 (17.5–35.0) | 35.9 (29.4–42.9) | 41.9 (35.6–48.6) | 46.3 (40.1–52.7) | 42.2 (35.7–48.9) | 46.4 (39.8–53.1) | 0.387 | 0.051 |
| SAH | 33.5 (14.0–61.0) | 36.5 (16.4–62.7) | 17.9 (7.1–38.2) | 25.8 (10.8–50.0) | 13.6 (4.1–36.7) | 36.4 (25.4–49.1) | 34.1 (23.6–46.5) | 28.1 (18.1–40.8) | 23.0 (14.0–35.5) | 19.6 (11.8–30.8) | 0.128 | 0.012c |
Abbreviations: GCNK = Greater Cincinnati Northern Kentucky; ICH = intracranial hemorrhage; IS = ischemic stroke; SAH = subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Any type includes incident IS, ICH, SAH, or stroke of unknown type. Trends were tested using a generalized linear model, adjusted for age, sex, and race in the top panela and age and sex in the bottom panelb. Race and race by year interaction terms were also tested but were not significant (all p > 0.05).
a
Overall rates.
b
Stratified by race.
c
Statistically significant (p < 0.05).