Table 2.
Glycemic profiles of uncomplicated pregnancies, overall and by trimester
| Entire gestational period | 1st trimester | 2nd trimester | 3rd trimester | |
| Number of participants | 413 | 118 | 413 | 355 |
| Days of CGM readings, median (IQR) | 123 (86–147) | 18 (14–25) | 69 (50–80) | 53 (36–64) |
| Mean glucose—mg/dL (mmol/L), mean±SD | 98±7 (5.4±0.4) |
103±7 (5.7±0.4) |
98±7 (5.4±0.4) |
98±8 (5.4±0.4) |
| <90 mg/dL (<5.0 mmol/L), n (%) | 42 (10) | 2 (2) | 53 (13) | 57 (16) |
| 90–<95 mg/dL (5.0–<5.3 mmol/L), n (%) | 89 (22) | 10 (8) | 83 (20) | 74 (21) |
| 95–<100 mg/dL (5.3–<5.6 mmol/L), n (%) | 121 (29) | 31 (26) | 114 (28) | 85 (24) |
| 100–<105 mg/dL (5.6–<5.8 mmol/L), n (%) | 93 (23) | 33 (28) | 92 (22) | 82 (23) |
| 105–<110 mg/dL (5.8–<6.1 mmol/L), n (%) | 44 (11) | 26 (22) | 45 (11) | 31 (9) |
| 110–<120 mg/dL (6.1–<6.7 mmol/L), n (%) | 24 (6) | 16 (14) | 26 (6) | 22 (6) |
| ≥120 mg/dL (≥6.7 mmol/L), n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (1) |
| Glucose SD—mg/dL (mmol/L), mean±SD | 19±3 (1.1±0.2) |
18±3 (1.0±0.2) |
18±3 (1.0±0.2) |
19±3 (1.1±0.2) |
| Glucose coefficient of variation (%), mean±SD | 19%±3% | 18%±2% | 19%±3% | 20%±3% |
| % time 63–120 mg/dL (3.5–6.7 mmol/L), mean±SD | 85%±7% | 83%±8% | 85%±7% | 84%±8% |
| Median (quartiles) | 86% (82–89%) | 84% (79–89%) | 87% (83–90%) | 85% (80–90%) |
| 95–<99%, n (%) | 2 (<1) | 2 (2) | 5 (1) | 6 (2) |
| 90–<95%, n (%) | 78 (19) | 25 (21) | 101 (24) | 73 (21) |
| 85–<90%, n (%) | 159 (38) | 23 (19) | 148 (36) | 109 (31) |
| 80–<85%, n (%) | 94 (23) | 35 (30) | 92 (22) | 76 (21) |
| 70–<80%, n (%) | 62 (15) | 24 (20) | 53 (13) | 71 (20) |
| 50–<70%, n (%) | 18 (4) | 9 (8) | 14 (3) | 19 (5) |
| <50%, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (<1) |
| % time 63–140 mg/dL (3.5–7.8 mmol/L), mean±SD | 94%±3% | 95%±3% | 95%±3% | 94%±4% |
| Median (quartiles) | 95% (93–96%) | 95% (93–97%) | 95% (94–97%) | 95% (92–96%) |
| % time <70 mg/dL (<3.9 mmol/L), median (quartiles) | 4.2% (2.1–6.9%) | 1.8% (1.0–3.6%) | 3.5% (1.8–6.6%) | 4.7% (2.1–8.7%) |
| Area over the curve 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L), median (quartiles) | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | 0.3 (0.2–0.6) | 0.4 (0.2–0.8) |
| % time <63 mg/dL (<3.5 mmol/L), median (quartiles) | 1.8% (0.9–3.2%) | 0.8% (0.4–1.6%) | 1.5% (0.8–3.0%) | 2.0% (0.8–3.9%) |
| 0%, n (%) | 0 (0) | 2 (2) | 2 (<1) | 3 (<1) |
| >0–<0.5%, n (%) | 45 (11) | 33 (28) | 62 (15) | 50 (14) |
| 0.5–<1%, n (%) | 70 (17) | 34 (29) | 79 (19) | 44 (12) |
| 1–<2%, n (%) | 106 (26) | 26 (22) | 102 (25) | 80 (23) |
| 2–<4%, n (%) | 117 (28) | 18 (15) | 102 (25) | 91 (26) |
| ≥4%, n (%) | 75 (18) | 5 (4) | 66 (16) | 87 (25) |
| Area over the curve 63 mg/dL (3.5 mmol/L), median (quartiles) | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | 0.1 (0.0–0.2) | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | 0.2 (0.1–0.4) |
| % time <54 mg/dL (<3.0 mmol/L), median (quartiles) | 0.7% (0.4–1.3%) | 0.3% (0.1–0.8%) | 0.6% (0.3–1.3%) | 0.8% (0.3–1.5%) |
| Area over the curve 54 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L), median (quartiles) | 0.1 (0.0–0.1) | 0.0 (0.0–0.1) | 0.1 (0.0–0.1) | 0.1 (0.0–0.1) |
| % time >120 mg/dL (6.7 mmol/L), median (quartiles) | 11% (7–16%) | 15% (9–19%) | 11% (7–16%) | 11% (7–17%) |
| >0–<5%, n (%) | 43 (10) | 6 (5) | 54 (13) | 57 (16) |
| 5–<10%, n (%) | 135 (33) | 26 (22) | 134 (32) | 101 (28) |
| 10–<15%, n (%) | 110 (27) | 28 (24) | 109 (26) | 77 (22) |
| 15–<20%, n (%) | 64 (15) | 29 (25) | 60 (15) | 59 (17) |
| 20–<30%, n (%) | 46 (11) | 23 (19) | 43 (10) | 46 (13) |
| 30–<50%, n (%) | 15 (4) | 6 (5) | 13 (3) | 14 (4) |
| ≥50%, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (<1) |
| Area under the curve 120 mg/dL (6.7 mmol/L), median (quartiles) | 1.5 (0.9–2.4) | 2.1 (1.2–3.1) | 1.4 (0.8–2.3) | 1.5 (0.8–2.7) |
| % time >140 mg/dL (>7.8 mmol/L), median (quartiles) | 2.5% (1.3–4.1%) | 3.5% (1.7– 5.4%) | 2.2% (1.1–3.9%) | 2.3% (1.0–4.6%) |
| Area under the curve 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L), median (quartiles) | 0.30 (0.13–0.57) | 0.41 (0.19–0.76) | 0.25 (0.11–0.53) | 0.26 (0.10–0.57) |
| Morning glucose | ||||
| Mean glucose at 05:00*—mg/dL (mmol/L), mean±SD | 93±9 (5.2±0.5) |
98±9 (5.4±0.5) |
93±9 (5.2±0.5) |
93±10 (5.2±0.5) |
| Glucose SD at 05:00* —mg/dL (mmol/L), mean±SD | 14±3 (0.8±0.2) |
12±5 (0.7±0.3) |
13±3 (0.7±0.2) |
14±3 (0.8±0.2) |
| Mean glucose at 06:00†—mg/dL (mmol/L), mean±SD | 93±8 (5.2±0.4) |
97±9 (5.4±0.5) |
93±9 (5.2±0.5) |
92±10 (5.1±0.6) |
| Glucose SD at 06:00†—mg/dL (mmol/L), mean±SD | 13±3 (0.7±0.2) |
11±6 (0.6±0.3) |
13±3 (0.7±0.2) |
14±4 (0.8±0.2) |
*Includes CGM data from 04:45 to 05:15.
†Includes CGM data from 05:45 to 06:15.
CGM, continuous glucose monitoring.