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. 2024 May 2;15:1403327. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1403327

Table 5.

Confirmatory factor analysis for the second-order model of Motivation for Practicing Chinese Martial Arts.

Second-order factor First-order factors Model parameter estimates Convergent validity
UFL S.E. t p SFL SMC C.R. AVE
Motivation (α = 0.763) Enjoyment 1.000 0.516 0.266 0.848 0.535
Mastery 2.315 0.554 4.180 *** 0.694 0.482
Physical condition 4.310 0.888 4.853 *** 0.928 0.861
Psychological condition 3.211 0.716 4.482 *** 0.726 0.527
Appearance 6.223 1.328 4.685 *** 0.735 0.540

UFL, Unstandardized Factor Loadings; S.E., Standard Error; SFL, Standardized Factor Loadings; SMC, Squared Multiple Correlations; C.R., Composite Reliability; AVE, Average Variance Extracted; *** p < 0.001.