Table 6.

Path analysis of the research model.

Paths between latent factors	b	S.E.	t	β	p	Corresponding hypothesis	Test result
PiPCMAs ← Motivation	0.489	0.160	3.062	0.297	0.002	H1	✓
PiPCMAs ← Sense of Belonging	0.189	0.060	3.141	0.268	0.002	H2	✓

b, Unstandardized Path Coefficients, represents the direct effect of one variable on another, measured in the original units of the variables; S.E., Standard Error; β, Standardized Path Coefficients, indicates the strength and direction of the relationship between variables, measured in standard deviation units, facilitating comparison across different paths in the model; PiPCMAs, Persistence in Practicing Chinese Martial Arts.