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Chromosomes of mitochondria (ChrMT). Mitochondria in the cytoplasm of cells contain their own circular dsDNA (ChrMT). (a) ChrMT located outside of the nucleus. Offspring inherit ChrMT from their mothers. (b) Map of human ChrMT, derived from Shokolenko et al. [11]. ND1-ND6 and ND4L encode subunits of CI; Cox1-Cox3 encode subunits of CIV; ATP6 and ATP8 encode subunits of CV; and cyt b encodes CIlI. The ChrMT encodes 13 proteins, composed of complexes of CI, CIV, CV, and CIII.
