Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the cohort, according to the type of cardiomyopathy, before pregnancy
| Overall | DCM | HCM | ARVC | LVNC | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | ||||||
| Number of pregnancies, n | 90 | 90 | 28 | 46 | 11 | 5 |
| Number of women, n (%) | 74 (100) | 26 (35) | 34 (46) | 10 (14) | 4 (5.4) | |
| Age (years) | 90 | 32 (5.0) | 32.3 (4.1) | 32.6 (5.2) | 31.5 (4.2) | 26.0 (6.3) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 81 | 24.8 (6.8) | 27.4 (9.0) | 23.9 (5.5) | 23.6 (4.9) | 21.8 (1.1) |
| Late pregnancy assessment (>20 weeks of gestation) | 87 | 13 (15) | 4 (14) | 6 (14) | 1 (9.1) | 2 (50) |
| Cardiovascular history | ||||||
| Mutation, n (%) | 72 | 44 (61) | 8 (33) | 26 (76) | 7 (64) | 3 (100) |
| Cardiopathy diagnosed before pregnancy, n (%) | 90 | 85 (94) | 26 (93) | 44 (96) | 10 (91) | 5 (100) |
| Prior cardiac event, n (%) | 88 | 30 (34) | 13 (46) | 13 (30) | 2 (18) | 2 (40) |
| Prior urgent hospitalization for heart failure, n (%) | 88 | 14 (16) | 8 (29) | 5 (11) | 0 (0) | 1 (20) |
| History of stroke, n (%) | 88 | 3 (3) | 1 (3.6) | 2 (4.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| History of sustained arrhythmia, n (%) | 88 | 5 (6) | 4 (14) | 1 (2.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Pacemaker, n (%) | 88 | 3 (3) | 3 (11) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Implantable automatic defibrillator, n (%) | 88 | 12 (14) | 4 (14) | 6 (14) | 2 (18) | 0 (0) |
| Prior cardiac intervention or surgery a , n (%) | 88 | 6 (7) | 1 (3.6) | 3 (6.8) | 2 (18) | 0 (0) |
| Arterial hypertension n (%) | 89 | 4 (5) | 3 (11) | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 89 | 1 (1) | 1 (3.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Symptoms before pregnancy, n (%) | 88 | 31 (35) | 10 (36) | 16 (36) | 2 (18) | 3 (60) |
| Dyspnoea, n (%) | 89 | 21 (24) | 6 (21) | 13 (30) | 0 (0) | 2 (40) |
| NYHA > II, n (%) | 89 | 4 (5) | 1 (3.6) | 3 (6.8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Palpitations, n (%) | 87 | 14 (16) | 5 (18) | 6 (14) | 1 (9.1) | 2 (50) |
| Medical treatment, n (%) | 89 | 68 (76) | 21 (75) | 34 (76) | 8 (73) | 5 (100) |
| At least two treatments, n (%) | 88 | 24 (27) | 14 (50) | 5 (11) | 4 (36) | 1 (20) |
| Beta‐blocker, n (%) | 89 | 65 (73) | 21 (75) | 33 (73) | 7 (64) | 4 (80) |
| Other anti‐arrhythmic drug, n (%) | 88 | 13 (15) | 6 (22) | 2 (4.4) | 4 (36) | 1 (20) |
| Renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitor, n (%) | 89 | 13 (15) | 10 (36) | 1 (2) | 1 (9) | 1 (20) |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 89 | 8 (9) | 6 (21) | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, n (%) | 89 | 4 (5) | 4 (14) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Anticoagulation, n (%) | 89 | 5 (6) | 3 (11) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (20) |
| Echocardiographic features | ||||||
| LVEF (%) | 90 | 57 (12) | 46 (10) | 66 (7) | 60 (5) | 39 (8) |
| LVEF < 50%, n (%) | 90 | 24 (27) | 19 (68) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5 (100) |
| LVEF < 40%, n (%) | 90 | 8 (7%) | 7 (25) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (20) |
| LV end‐diastolic diameter (mm) | 86 | 48 (10) | 56 (7) | 42 (7) | 51 (4) | 59 (1) |
| LVOTO > 30 mmHg, n (%) | 90 | 11 (12) | 0 (0) | 11 (24) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Pulmonary hypertension, n (%) | 90 | 5 (7) | 0 (0) | 3 (7.9) | 1 (10) | 1 (20) |
| Right ventricle dilatation, n (%) | 90 | 3 (5) | 1 (5) | 0 (0%) | 2 (20%) | 0 (0%) |
| Right ventricle dysfunction, n (%) | 90 | 4 (5) | 1 (4.2) | 0 (0%) | 3 (30%) | 0 (0%) |
Values are mean ± standard deviation or n (%). Column N indicates number of patients with available data.
ARVC, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy; HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; LV, left ventricle; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVOTO, left ventricle outflow tract obstruction; LVNC, left ventricular noncompaction; PVC, premature ventricular complex; VT, ventricular tachycardia.
a
In detail, there was four PVC/VT ablation (three ARVC and one DCM), and two septal reductions in obstructive HCM.