Table 3.
Analysis of MOlecular VAriance (AMOVA) to identify sources of variation and calculate fixation indices
| Amova analysis | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Host | Source of variation | d.f | Sum of squares | Variance components | Percentage of variation | Fixation indices | P-value | |
| Human | Among countries | 3 | 4.989 | N/A Va | N/A | FCT | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Among individuals within populations | 136 | 44.339 | 0.10587 Vc | N/A | FIS | 0.48088 | < 0.001a | |
| Within individuals | 140 | 16 | 0.11429 Vd | N/A | FIT | 0.000 | 0.000 | |
| Total | 279 | 65.329 | N/A | |||||
| Pig | Among countries | 6 | 6.156 | − 0.06328 Va | -23.85 | FCT | − 0.23854 | 0.69306 |
| Among individuals within populations | 222 | 60.542 | 0.05374 Vc | 20.26 | FIS | 0.24541 | < 0.001a | |
| Within individuals | 233 | 38.5 | 0.16524 Vd | 62.29 | FIT | 0.37711 | < 0.001a | |
| Total | 465 | 121.605 | 0.26527 | |||||
Ascaris samples (individuals) were grouped by country with analysis run separately for worms derived from different hosts. For the UK pig farm data, each farm was designated as a separate population. Results show the degrees of freedom (d.f.) sum of squares and variance components which are used to calculate the percentage of variation contained within the sample divisions. Fixation indices are shown for FCT, FIS and FIT along with p-values from 1023 permutations