Table 1.

Summary of the included studies

Author	Intervention description	Participants involved	Study design
Le Marne et al. [12]	“EpApp,” aiming to educate adolescents with epilepsy and facilitate their management.	Adolescents with epilepsy, ages 13–19, who were patients of the Sydney Children’s Hospital Network (Randwick and Westmead), of whom 51 adolescents completed baseline questionnaires.	Prospective cohort
Rajbhandari et al. [13]	Four local residents (trained as EFWs) used a smartphone application to estimate a potential score for an epileptic episode and contact an epilepsy expert.	97 patients with epilepsy, ranging in age from 6 years to 77 years (from 112 patients with epilepsy-suggestive scores in the app).	Clinical intervention trial where EFWs used a smartphone application.
Simblett et al. [14]	Intervention with mobile health (mHealth) technology for real-time measurement and management of epilepsy, aiming to improve the care provided to people currently experiencing epileptic seizures.	Twenty people who were currently experiencing epileptic seizures. Adult patients with epilepsy who were over the age of 18 years and were experiencing at least one seizure per month.	A qualitative study with focus group discussions
Si et al. [15]	Intervention based upon a smartphone application in patients with epilepsy; the outcomes included self-management of epilepsy and self-reported seizure frequency	380 patients with epilepsy were enrolled; 327 completed the 6-month follow-up (176 in the app group, 151 in the control group). The sample included adult patients (ages more than 18 but less than 60 years) with epilepsy of more than 1 year’s duration who had more than three seizures during the 6 months.	Randomized controlled trial
Mirpuri et al. [16]	Epilepsy smartphone application	Adult patients with epilepsy (age 18 years and above) and at least 1 year into treatment for epilepsy. 96 participants from a neurology outpatient department were randomly assigned to one of two groups: standard treatment and a mobile application group that employed a smartphone application.	Two-armed randomized controlled trial
Choi et al. [17]	A mobile epilepsy treatment app linked to a hospital’s electronic health record	Patients with epilepsy (aged ≥15) or caregivers of children with epilepsy (aged 1–15 years) at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. The recruitment period lasted from April 2019 through August 2019.	A prospective study was conducted to compare healthcare data from clinics and the mobile application to assess whether the mobile application would improve self-management.

EpApp: Epilepsy Mobile Application, EFW: epilepsy field workers.