Table 1.
Differences in sociodemographic characteristics in urban and rural participants
| Sociodemographics/statistics | Urban (n = 602) | Rural (n = 640) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||
| Male, n (%) | 309 (51.3) | 314 (49.1) | 0.4247* |
| Female, n (%) | 293 (48.7) | 326 (50.9) | |
| Age group, in years | |||
| 1–2, n (%) | 50 (8.3) | 51 (8.0) | 0.9999* |
| 3–4, n (%) | 50 (8.3) | 55 (8.6) | |
| 5–9, n (%) | 46 (7.6) | 45 (7.0) | |
| 10–14, n (%) | 53 (8.8) | 59 (9.2) | |
| 15–19, n (%) | 66 (11.0) | 70 (10.9) | |
| 20–24, n (%) | 69 (11.5) | 78 (12.2) | |
| 25–29, n (%) | 69 (11.5) | 72 (11.3) | |
| 30–34, n (%) | 58 (9.6) | 66 (10.3) | |
| 35–39, n (%) | 57 (9.5) | 62 (9.7) | |
| 40–49, n (%) | 52 (8.6) | 52 (8.1) | |
| ≥ 50, n (%) | 32 (5.3) | 30 (4.7) | |
| Education | |||
| Primary school, n (%) | 5 (0.8) | 13 (2.0) | < 0.0001* |
| Middle school, n (%) | 33 (5.5) | 111 (17.3) | |
| High school, n (%) | 152 (25.2) | 284 (44.4) | |
| Graduate/post-graduate, n (%) | 249 (41.4) | 62 (9.7) | |
| < 6 years, n (%) | 163 (27.1) | 170 (26.6) | |
| Occupation | |||
| Professional, n (%) | 63 (10.5) | 15 (2.3) | < 0.0001* |
| Semi-professional, n (%) | 21 (3.5) | 10 (1.6) | |
| Clerical/shop owner, n (%) | 107 (17.8) | 23 (3.6) | |
| Skilled worker, n (%) | 20 (3.3) | 16 (2.5) | |
| Semi-skilled worker, n (%) | 50 (8.3) | 92 (14.4) | |
| Unskilled worker, n (%) | 16 (2.7) | 59 (9.2) | |
| Household duties, n (%) | 12 (1.9) | 42 (6.6) | |
| Unemployed (adults), n (%) | 5 (0.8) | 81 (12.7) | |
| Attending school, n (%) | 185 (30.7) | 130 (20.3) | |
| Attending garderie/pre-school, n (%) | 13 (2.2) | 4 (0.6) | |
| At home (children), n (%) | 110 (18.3) | 168 (26.2) | |
| Years of schooling (mother) | |||
| 6, n (%) | 2 (0.3) | 20 (3.1) | < 0.0001* |
| 9, n (%) | 31 (5.2) | 132 (20.6) | |
| 13, n (%) | 246 (40.9) | 405 (63.3) | |
| 16, n (%) | 323 (53.6) | 83 (13.0) | |
| Total number of household members, mean (SD) | 4.9 (2.4) | 4.8 (1.8) | 0.5745† |
| Number of habitable rooms, mean (SD) | 2.1 (1.2) | 1.5 (0.8) | 0.0000† |
| Household walls and floor | |||
| Permanent building materials, n (%) | 578 (96.0) | 445 (69.5) | < 0.0001* |
| Natural/traditional/rudimentary, n (%) | 24 (4.0) | 195 (30.5) | |
n, number; SD, standard deviation
*Chi-square test; †independent t test