Table 2.
Characteristics of the included studies on adoptive immune cell therapy for R/M NPC
| Study | Study design | Population | Sample Size | Age (range) | Male (%) | Immune preparations | CR | PR | SD | PD | ORR/DCR (%) | PFS (months) | OS (months) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lin 2002 | Phase I study | R/M NPC | 16 | 47.6 (36–57) | 13/81.2% | LMP2-DCs →CD8+CTLs | NS | NS | NS | NS | 12.5% | NS | NS |
| Comoli 2005 | Phase I-II study | R/M NPC | 10 | 41.6 | 10/100% | EBV-CTL | 2 | 4 | 4 | 20% | 6 (4-15) | NS | |
| Louis 2010 | Phase I/II clinical trial | R/M NPC | 23 | 29.2 (11–63) | 17/73.9% | EBV-CTL | 5 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 30.4% |
35.3 1-year PSF rate, 65% 2-year PFS rate, 52% |
1-year OS rate, 87% 2-year OS rate, 70% |
| Chia 2011 | Prospective, open-labeled single-center phase II trial | M-NPC | 16 | 49.7 (36–58) | 13/81% |
Ad-ΔLMP1-LMP2 DC vaccine |
NS | 1 | 2 | 13 | 18.8% (DCR) | 1.92 (95%CI:1.6-2.1) | 6.0 (95%CI:2.73-11.7) |
| Chia 2013 | Phase 2 clinical trial | R/M NPC | 35 | 57 (27–77) | 26/73.7% | GP-CTL | 2 | 13 | 7 | 0 | 42.9% | 7.6 (95% CI:7.4-8.4) |
1-year OS rate, 77.1% 2-year OS rate, 62.9% 3-year OS rate, 37.1% |
| Li 2012 | Clinical trial | M-NPC |
GP + CIK arm, 30 GP arm, 30 |
48.6 (29–58) 45.6 (33–62) |
26/86.7% 24/80% |
CIK + GP GP |
3/0 | 18/14 | 2/3 | 2/13 |
70% (21/30) 46.7% (14/21) |
26.00 ± 2.69 19.00 ± 2.19 |
Undefined 23.00 ± 3.94 |
| Lim 2012 | Open-label phase I clinical trial | R/M NPC | 7 | 48.6 | 6/85.7% | Cetuximab+NK cell | NS | NS | 4 | 3 | 57.1% (DCR) | NS | NS |
| Smith 2012 | Phase I clinical trial | R/M NPC | 14 | NS | NS | AdE1-LMPpoly CTL | NS | NS | 10 | 4 | 71.4% (DCR) | 4.4 (1.3-14) | 17.4 |
| Smith 2017 | Prospective study |
20 ARMD 9 N/MRD |
29 |
46 (34–68) 49 (22–66) |
18/90% 8/88.9% |
AdE1-LMPpoly CTL | N/MRD 6 | N.S | NS | N/MRD 3 | ARMD 60.0% (DCR) | 5.5 (95% CI:2.1-9.0) | 38.1 (95%CI:17.2-NR) |
| Li 2015 | Retrospect study | M-NPC |
GP + CIK arm, 112 GP arm, 110 |
44.6 (32–63) 45.3 (33–62) |
83/74.1% 85/77.3% |
CIK + GP | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
21 1-year, 2-year, 3-year PFS rates of 76.0%, 32.1%, and 23.8%, res[ectively 5 1-year, 2-year, 3-year PFS rates of 70.0%, 24.5%, and 17.0%, respectively |
32 year, 2-year, 3-year OS rates of 90.2%, 65.2%, and 25.9%, respectively 23 1-year, 2-year, 3-year OS rates of 85.5%, 47.3%, and 19.1%, respectively |
| Huang 2017 | Phase 1/2 trial | R/M NPC | 21 | 48.4 | 18/85.7% | EBV-CTL | 1 | NS | NS | 20 | 4.8% | 2.2 | 16.7 |
| E N 2021 | Phase I trial | R/M NPC | 12 | 58 | 5/41.6% | CD 137 L-DC-EBV-VAX | 0 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 42.0% (DCR) | 16.5 (3-136) | 90.5 (10-161) |
NS Not Stated, R/M NPC recurrent and metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma, ARMD active recurrent/metastatic disease, N/MRD no or minimal residual disease, ORR Overall Response Rate, CR Complete Response, PR Partial Response, SD Stable Disease, PD Progressive Disease, DCR Disease Control Rate.