Table 1.
Summary of trials retrieved to investigate the impact of taurine on metabolic syndrome.
| First author & year | Country | Population | Participants (F/M) | Age | Funding/grants/support |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azuma [22] | Japan | Congestive heart failure | 58 (30/28) | 38 - 89 | N/A |
| Azuma [21] | Japan | Congestive heart failure | 14 (5/9) | 68.71 ± 9.10 | Osaka University Medical School |
| Fujita [27] | Japan | Borderline hypertension | 19 (N/A) | 20 - 25 | N/A |
| Azuma [23] | Japan | Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy | 17 (6/11) | N/A | N/A |
| Mizushima [30] | Japan | Healthy male volunteers | 20 (0/20) | 18 - 29 | N/A |
| Zhang [8] | Japan | Overweight or obese non-diabetic subjects | 30 (16/14) |
Taurine group 20.1 ± 2.0 Placebo group 20.4 ± 1.1 |
Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Japan |
| Spohr [7] | Denmark | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 18 (0/18) | 40 ± 8 | Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark, Aase and Ejnar Danielsens Foundation, Lyngby, Denmark |
| Moloney [31] | Ireland | Type 1 diabetes mellitus | 19 (0/19) | 28.0 ± 2.0 | N/A |
| Beyranvand [25] | Iran | Heart failure with left ventricular ejection fraction less than 50% | 29 (3/26) | 60.57 ± 6.54 |
Shahid Beheshti Medical University |
| Arrieta [19] | Spain | Patients require amino-acid supplement after major surgical procedure | 74 (21/53) |
Taurine group: 48 – 90 Placebo group: 50 - 113 |
N/A |
| Hsieh [28] | China | Chronic alcoholic patients | 30 (17/13) |
Taurine group 59 ± 13 Placebo group 60 ± 12 |
Asia University (100-A-06), Chung Shan MedicalUniversity (CSMU-INT-102-12). |
| Rosa [34] | Brazil | Obese women | 16 (16/0) | 32 ± 2 | National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP). |
| Averin [20] | Russia | Coronary heart disease/Heart valve defects | 48 (12/36) |
Taurine group: 49.79 ± 1.4 Placebo group 48.65 ± 1.5 |
N/A |
| Ra [33] | Japan | Healthy men | 29 (0/29) | Taurine group: 25. 4 ± 1.0Placebo group: 25.2 ± 1.0 | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) |
| Sun [37] | China | Prehypertensive individuals | 86 (44/42) | 56.75 ± 8.26 | National Basic Research Program of China, National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| Ahmadian [17] a a (Journal of Dietary Supplements) | Iran | Heart failure | 16 (N/A) |
Taurine group: 60.12 ± 5.4 Placebo group: 60.13 ± 8.3 |
N/A |
| Ahmadian [18] b a (Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis) | Iran | Heart failure | 16 (N/A) |
Taurine group: 60.12 ± 5.4 Placebo group: 60.13 ± 8.3 |
N/A |
| Schwarzer [35] | Austria | Patients with hepatic venous pressure gradient ≥12 mmHg | 22 (8/14) | 52 ± 11 | N/A |
| Batitucci [24] | Brazil | Obese women | 22 (22/0) | 36.6 ± 6.4 | Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES); The Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) |
| Shari [36] | Iraq | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 80 (34/46) |
Taurine group: 48.8 + 3.1 Placebo group: 50.2 ± 3.7 |
N/A |
| Van Hove [38] | USA | Inherited cystathionine -β-synthase deficient homocystinuria | 36 (19/17) | 8 - 50 | Food and Drug Administration, Walter S. and Lucienne Driskill Foundation |
| Maleki [29] | Iran | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 45 (30/15) |
Taurine group: 41.61 ± 6.63 Placebo group: 43.86 ± 7.06 |
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran |
| Esmaeili [26] | Canada | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 46 (32/14)b |
Taurine group: 42.74 ± 7.21 Placebo group: 43.52 ± 6.94 |
N/A |
| Zaki [39] | Egypt | Peripartum cardiomyopathy | 40 (40/0) |
Taurine group: 31.1 ± 2.64 Placebo group: 30.85 ± 3.07 |
N/A |
| Moludi [32] | Iran | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 120 (97/23) |
Taurine group: 52.13 ± 8.1 Placebo group: 53.08 ± 8.8 |
N/A |
AA amino acid, RCT randomized controlled trial, N/A not applicable.
aDescribes the same set of subjects, but provides different outcomes.
bBefore loss of follow up.