Table 2.
Summary of taurine interventions administered in the treatment arms of the trials.
| First author & year | Daily Taurine dose (N) | Control (N) | Population | Duration | Taurine product/manufacturer |
| Azuma [22] | 6 g/day (58) | Matching placebo (58) | Congestive heart failure | 4 weeksc | Not mentioned |
| Azuma [21] | 6 g/day (14) | Matching placebo (14) | Congestive heart failure | 4 weeksc | Not mentioned |
| Fujita [27] | 6 g/day (10) | Matching placebo (9) | Borderline hypertension | 7 days | Not mentioned |
| Azuma [23] | 3 g/day (7) | Active placebo (10) | Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy | 6 weeks | Taurine sachet/Not mentioned |
| Mizushima [30] | 6 g/day (11) | Matching placebo (9) | Healthy male volunteers | 3 weeks | Taurine capsules/Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. |
| Zhang [8] | 3 g/day (15) | Comparable placebo (15) | Overweight or obese non-diabetic subjects | 7 weeks | Taurine capsules/Jianli Pham Co., Beijing, China |
| Spohr [7] | 1.5 g/day (18) | Matching placebo (44) | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 8 weeksc | Taurine capsules/Not mentioned |
| Moloney [31] | 1.5 g/day (9) | Matching placebo (10) | Type 1 diabetes mellitus | 14 daysc | Taurine tablet/Twinlab |
| Beyranvand [25] | 1.5 g/day (15) | Matching placebo (14) | Heart failure with left ventricular ejection fraction less than 50% | 2 weeks | Taurine capsules/Solgar, Leonia, NJ, USA |
| Arrieta [19] | 1.6 g/dayb (35) | Comparable placebo (39) | Patients require amino-acid supplement after major surgical procedure | 24 days | Tauramin 10%,/Laboratorios Grifols SA, Barcelona, Spain |
| Hsieh [28] | 6 g/day (15) | Matching placebo (15) | Chronic alcoholic patients | 3 months | Taurine capsules/Dokui Chemical Company (Taiwan) |
| Rosa [34] | 3 g/day (8) | Matching placebo (8) | Obese women | 8 weeks | Taurine capsules/Ajinomoto CO., INC., Limeira, SP,Brazil |
| Averin [20] | 0.5 g/day (24) | Matching placebo (24) | Coronary heart disease/Heart valve defects | 3 months | Taurine capsules/Pik-Pharma, Russian Federation |
| Ra [33] | 6 g/day (15) | Matching placebo (14) | Healthy men | 15 days | Taurine capsules/Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Japan |
| Sun [37] | 1.6 g/day (42) | Matching placebo (20) | Prehypertensive individuals | 12 weeks | Taurine capsules/Not mentioned |
| Ahmadian [17]a (Journal of Dietary Supplements) | 1.5 g/day (8) | Matching placebo (8) | Heart failure | 2 weeks | Taurine capsules/Solgar, Leonia, NJ, USA |
| Ahmadian [18]a (Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis) | 1.5 g/day (8) | Matching placebo (8) | Heart failure | 2 weeks | Taurine capsules/Solgar, Leonia, NJ, USA |
| Schwarzer [35] | 6 g/day (12) | Matching placebo (10) | Patients with hepatic venous pressure gradient ≥12 mm Hg | 4 weeks | Taurine capsules/Not mentioned |
| Batitucci [24] | 3 g/day (14) | Matching placebo (8) | Obese women | 8 weeks | Taurine powder/Aminoethylsulfonic Acid, Ajinomoto®, São Paulo, SP |
| Shari [36] | 1 g/day (40) | Matching placebo (40) | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 3 months | Taurine capsules/Jarrow’s formulas |
| Van Hove [38] | 5 g/day (14) | Matching placebo (22) | Inherited cystathionine -β-synthase deficient homocystinuria | 5 days | Not mentioned |
| Maleki [29] | 3 g/day (23) | Matching placebo (22) | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 8 weeks | Taurine capsules/Karen Pharma and Food Supplement Co., Iran, |
| Esmaeili [26] | 3 g/day (23) | Matching placebo (23) | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 8 weeks | Taurine capsules/Karen Pharmaceutical Co |
| Zaki [39] | 0.6 g/day (20) | Comparable placebo (18) | Peripartum cardiomyopathy | 5 days | 10 ml/kg taurine solution/10% (Aminoven®, Fresenius‑Kabi, Egypt) |
| Moludi [32] | 3 g/day (60) | Matching placebo (60) | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 8 weeks | Taurine capsules/Karen Food Supplement Co, Iran |
aDescribes the same set of subjects, but provides different outcomes.
b1.5 g amino acid/kg bw/d, subjects are 69 kg in average.
cTreatment period of placebo or taurine in a crossover study.