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. 2024 May 15;15(5):1011–1020. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i5.1011

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©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

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PRISMA flow diagram. DPP-4: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4; GDM: Gestational diabetes mellitus; GlP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1; CVOTs: Cardiovascular outcome trials; T1DM: Type 1 diabetes mellitus.