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. 2023 Dec 20;109(6):1540–1549. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgad749

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© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 2. — The association between clinical comorbidities and MHF in the NHANES III (from 1988 to 1994). The association between (A, E) advanced fibrosis, (B, F) urinary albumin–creatinine ratio, (C, G) cardiovascular disease, (D, H) sarcopenia and MHF compared with non-MHF (with or without metabolic dysfunction) in adjusted logistic regression models. The weighted logistic regression models adjusting for ethnicity (non-Hispanic white as a reference), age (continuous), and sex (female as a reference) were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI. (A) Advanced liver fibrosis (OR grade 1 1.184, 95% CI 0.807-1.737, P = .378; OR grade 2/3 2.897, 95% CI 1.635-5.133, P = .001; OR grade 1/2/3 = 1.431, 95% CI 1.025-1.998, P = .036), (B) urinary albumin–creatinine ratio (OR grade 1 1.480, 95% CI 1.124-1.949, P = .006; OR grade 2/3, 1.898 95% CI 1.244-2.894, P = .004; OR grade 1/2/3 1.536, 95% CI 1.200-1.967, P = .001), (C) cardiovascular disease (OR grade 1 0.959, 95% CI 0.728-1.264, P = .761; OR grade 2/3 0.835, 95% CI 0.441-1.582, P = .573; OR grade 1/2/3 0.938, 95% CI 0.720-1.222, P = .629), (D) sarcopenia (OR grade 1 = 1.379, 95% CI 1.074-1.771, P = .013; OR grade 2/3 1.101, 95% CI 0.693-1.750, P = .677; OR grade 1/2/3 = 1.340, 95% CI 1.067-1.681, P = .013), (E) advanced liver fibrosis (OR grade 1 = 1.799, 95% CI 0.785-4.127, P = .161; OR grade 2/3 = 4.467, 95% CI 1.752-11.390, P = .002; OR grade 1/2/3 2.130, 95% CI 0.952-4.766, P = .065), (F) urinary albumin–creatinine ratio (OR grade 1 3.175, 95% CI 2.080-4.847, P < .001; OR grade 2/3 = 4.484, 95% CI 2.496-8.053, P < .001; OR grade 1/2/3 3.298, 95% CI 2.177-4.997, P < .001), (G) cardiovascular disease (OR grade 1 2.147, 95% CI 1.105-4.172, P = .025; OR grade 2/3 1.909, 95% CI 0.733-4.976, P = .180; OR grade 1/2/3 2.115, 1.087-4.114, P = .028), (H) sarcopenia (OR grade 1 8.465, 95% CI 6.022-11.900, P < .001; OR grade 2/3 = 7.020, 95% CI 4.166-11.830, P < .001; OR grade 1/2/3 8.323, 95% CI 5.999-11.550, P < .001). *We used urinary albumin–creatinine ratio normal to mildly increased (<30 mg/g) as reference, and calculated the influence of MHF grades in elevated urinary albumin–creatinine ratio (≥30 mg/g). Abbreviations: MHF, metabolic hyperferritinaemia; FIB-4, fibrosis-4.