Table 1. Baseline Characteristics Across 4 Intervention Groupsa.
| Characteristic | SC group | MT at NICU with postdischarge SC group | SC at NICU and postdischarge MT group | MT at both NICU and postdischarge group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total No. | No. (%) | Total No. | No. (%) | Total No. | No. (%) | Total No. | No. (%) | |
| Child sex | ||||||||
| Female | 50 | 25 (50) | 51 | 23 (45) | 53 | 30 (57) | 52 | 25 (48) |
| Male | 50 | 25 (50) | 51 | 28 (55) | 53 | 23 (43) | 52 | 27 (52) |
| Singleton pregnancy | 50 | 33 (66) | 51 | 38 (75) | 53 | 43 (81) | 52 | 31 (60) |
| Cesarean delivery route | 50 | 43 (86) | 51 | 39 (76) | 53 | 44 (83) | 52 | 42 (81) |
| Birth weight, mean (SD), g | 50 | 1422.86 (428.20) | 51 | 1364.04 (426.30) | 52 | 1424.02 (464.08) | 52 | 1391.27 (420.94) |
| GA at birth, mean (SD), wk | 50 | 30.89 (2.61) | 51 | 30.37 (2.59) | 53 | 30.48 (2.79) | 52 | 30.18 (2.61) |
| <28 | 6 (12) | 9 (18) | 9 (17) | 12 (23) | ||||
| 28-32 | 23 (46) | 23 (45) | 19 (36) | 22 (42) | ||||
| 32 to <35 | 21 (42) | 19 (37) | 25 (47) | 18 (35) | ||||
| PMA enrollment, mean (SD), wk | 50 | 33.11 (1.69) | 51 | 33.32 (2.34) | 53 | 33.1 (1.69) | 52 | 32.77 (2.06) |
| Apgar score at 5 min, mean (SD) | 49 | 8.53 (1.43) | 50 | 8.42 (1.67) | 53 | 8.68 (1.09) | 49 | 8.8 (1.14) |
| Weight enrollment, mean (SD), g | 48 | 1582.25 (390.92) | 51 | 1675.49 (494.89) | 52 | 1640.48 (372.01) | 52 | 1577.38 (406.50) |
| Estimated severity of IVHb | ||||||||
| Cranial ultrasonography not indicated | 50 | 22 (44) | 51 | 17 (33) | 52 | 21 (40) | 52 | 27 (52) |
| None | 25 (50) | 27 (53) | 24 (46) | 21 (40) | ||||
| Grade 1-2 | 3 (6) | 5 (10) | 6 (12) | 4 (8) | ||||
| Grade 3-4 | 0 | 2 (4) | 1 (2) | 0 | ||||
| Maternal age, mean (SD), y | 50 | 33.4 (5.58) | 51 | 32.14 (5.15) | 51 | 32.22 (5.71) | 51 | 34.08 (5.34) |
| Maternal educational level, mean (SD), y | 48 | 15.56 (2.62) | 50 | 15.08 (3.85) | 50 | 15.9 (2.77) | 51 | 16.49 (2.63) |
| Maternal civil statusc | ||||||||
| Married or living with partner | 50 | 45 (90) | 50 | 47 (94) | 53 | 47 (89) | 52 | 49 (94) |
| Maternal work statusd | ||||||||
| Full-time or self-employed | 50 | 39 (78) | 51 | 34 (67) | 53 | 40 (75) | 52 | 37 (71) |
| Paternal age, mean (SD), y | 47 | 36.57 (7.14) | 48 | 35.17 (6.73) | 50 | 34.48 (5.79) | 49 | 36.53 (5.08) |
| Paternal educational level, mean (SD), y | 44 | 14.98 (3.11) | 47 | 14.3 (3.42) | 49 | 15.29 (3.42) | 47 | 15.64 (3.23) |
| Paternal work statusd | ||||||||
| Full-time or self-employed | 47 | 43 (91) | 48 | 44 (92) | 50 | 49 (98) | 49 | 44 (90) |
Abbreviations: GA, gestational age; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; MT, music therapy; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; PMA, postmenstrual age; SC, standard care.
a
For 206 participants who were randomized twice.
b
IVH was diagnosed by cranial ultrasound and graded according to Papile et al.46
c
Same-sex parents were invited to participate in the study, but none were enrolled.
d
Other status included part-time, homemaker or stay-at-home parent, and student.