Table 1.
The comparison of the total study cohorts for model development and validation.
| Characteristics | Development set (n=9989) | Internal validation set (n=2497) | Prospective validation set (n=1896) | External validation set (n=7432) | |
| Basic information | |||||
|
|
Age (years), median (IQR) | 75 (65-84) | 75 (64-83) | 74 (64-82) | 73 (62-82) |
|
|
Female sex, n (%) | 4637 (46.4) | 1151 (46.1) | 786 (41.5) | 3470 (46.7) |
|
|
BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 27.7 (24.1-32.6) | 27.5 (23.8-32.6) | 28.8 (24.4-33.8) | 28.9 (24.4-35.0) |
|
|
CCIa score, median (IQR) | 7.0 (5.0-8.0) | 7.0 (5.0-9.0) | 7.0 (6.0-9.0) | 5.0 (4.0-6.0) |
| Physical frailty (fall risk), n (%) | 3334 (33.4) | 836 (33.5) | 1896 (100) | 1374 (18.5) | |
| Activity, n (%) | |||||
|
|
Bed | 7347 (73.8) | 1801 (72.6) | 1064 (56.2) | 3955 (83.5) |
|
|
Sit | 1759 (17.7) | 444 (17.9) | 441 (23.3) | 279 (5.9) |
|
|
Stand | 843 (8.5) | 235 (9.5) | 388 (20.5) | 504 (10.6) |
| Notes recorded proportion, n (%) | |||||
|
|
Chief complaint | 8592 (86.0) | 2146 (85.9) | 1659 (87.5) | 0 (0) |
|
|
History of present illness | 9866 (98.8) | 2455 (98.3) | 1680 (88.6) | 7186 (96.7) |
|
|
Medical history | 9730 (97.4) | 2427 (97.2) | 1675 (88.3) | 7188 (96.7) |
|
|
Admission medication | 9018 (90.3) | 2257 (90.4) | 1650 (87.0) | 4387 (59.0) |
|
|
Physical exam | 9186 (92.0) | 2303 (92.2) | 1644 (86.7) | 5104 (68.7) |
| Outcome | |||||
|
|
Days before ICUb admission, median (IQR) | 0.1 (0.0-1.1) | 0.1 (0.0-1.3) | 0.1 (0.0-0.9) | 0.2 (0.1-0.8) |
|
|
Days of ICU admission, median (IQR) | 3.0 (1.8-5.5) | 3.0 (1.8-5.5) | 2.9 (1.7-5.3) | 2.8 (1.8-4.9) |
|
|
Days of hospital admission, median (IQR) | 8.9 (5.7-14.6) | 9.2 (5.8-14.7) | 9.8 (6.0-15.7) | 7.2 (4.3-11.9) |
|
|
Death in hospital, n (%) | 1404 (16.4) | 351 (14.1) | 293 (18.3) | 1115 (15.0) |
aCCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index.
bICU: intensive care unit.