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. 2024 May 2;12:e54622. doi: 10.2196/54622

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©Eric Hurwitz, Zachary Butzin-Dozier, Hiral Master, Shawn T O'Neil, Anita Walden, Michelle Holko, Rena C Patel, Melissa A Haendel. Originally published in JMIR mHealth and uHealth (https://mhealth.jmir.org), 02.05.2024.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR mHealth and uHealth, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://mhealth.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

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Digital biomarkers vary across different periods of pregnancy among women with postpartum depression (PPD). The percentage of women in the PPD cohort exhibiting a significant difference in digital biomarker values between each pair of periods (left [represented by 0-100]) and the direction of their relationship (right). The x-axis illustrates a comparison of Tukey honest significant differences (HSD) between 2 periods of interest, representing the subtraction of digital biomarker values between the first and second periods. Tukey HSD tests were individually conducted for each woman’s data, and the percentage showing a significant relationship was calculated and presented on the heat map. The heat map on the right illustrates the overall relationship between the digital biomarker during the 2 periods of interest among the women who exhibited a significant relationship (as indicated by the percentage shown on the left heat map), with the period listed second serving as the reference. In summary, the findings indicated that digital biomarkers undergo significant alterations across different periods of pregnancy on an individual basis. Calories BMR: calories burned during the basal metabolic rate; HR: heart rate; NS: not significant; Q1: quartile 1; Q3: quartile 3.