Table 1.

Indications for vena cava filter use from professional societies.^6,8 DVT/PE: deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism; VTE: venousthromboembolism; IVC: inferior vena cava

INDICATIONS		AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION (2011)	AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CHEST PHYSICIANS (2016)	AMERICAN COLLEGE OF RADIOLOGY/SOCIETY OF INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY (2023)
Classic	Acute proximal DVT/PE with contraindication to anticoagulation	Class I, level C	Grade 1B	Usually appropriate
	VTE recurrence despite anticoagulation	Class IIa, level C		Usually appropriate
	Propagation/progression of VTE despite anticoagulation or inability to maintain anticoagulation			Usually appropriate
Expanded	Massive PE with residual DVT in high-risk patients	Class IIb, level C		May be appropriate
	Free-floating iliofemoral or IVC thrombus			May be appropriate
	Severe cardiopulmonary disease/poor reserve and DVT or PE	Class IIb, level C		May be appropriate
Prophylactic	Prophylactic placement in high-risk trauma patients who cannot be anticoagulated			May be appropriate