Table 6.

Sensitivity and specificity of abbreviated 2012 WHF criteria when performed by non-experts.

	Engelman et al. [17]	Francis et al. [18]	Francis et al. [31]	Mirabel et al. [25]	Ploutz et al. [23]
Non-experts	Nurses	Nurses, Indigenous health workers, physicians	Nurses, Indigenous health workers, physicians	Nurses	Nurses
Modified protocol and criteria	12-step protocol.	Single PLAX with a sweep through the heart.	Single PLAX with a sweep through the heart.	PLAX, PSAX, A2C, A3C, A4C	PLAX, A4C, A5C
	Any MR or AR	Any MR or AR	Any MR or AR Approach 1: non-expert screen and refer. Approach 2 non-expert screen with expert off-sight review to determine referral	MR ≥2 cm or any AR	MR ≥1.5 cm and/or any AR
Gold standard	Comprehensive echo performed by Cardiologist applying 2012 WHF criteria	Comprehensive echo performed by Cardiologist applying 2012 WHF criteria	Abbreviated echo performed by expert & Comprehensive echo performed by Cardiologist applying 2012 WHF criteria	Comprehensive echo reviewed by Cardiologist applying 2012 WHF criteria	Comprehensive echo performed by Cardiologist applying 2012 WHF criteria
Findings	Sensitivity: 84.2% (95% CI 72.1–92.5)	Sensitivity: 70.4%	Approach 1: Sensitivity: 86.5%, Specificity: 61.4%	Sensitivity: 77.6%–83.7%	Sensitivity: 74.4% (95% CI 58.8–86.5)
	Specificity: 85.6% (95% CI 83.9–87.1%)	Specificity: 78.1%	Approach 2: Sensitivity: 88.4%, Specificity: 77.1%	Specificity: 90.9%–92% (variation differing between operators)	Specificity: 78.8% (95% CI 76.0–81.4)