Table 1.
Individual clinical characteristics of patients.
| Interne ID | ID | Age/Sex | Diagnosis | At initial diagnosis | At follow-up | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neurological examination | Symptom duration (days) | EDSS | CSF (IgG) | CSF (IgM) | Nerve conduction study | Visual evoked potentials | Brain MRI T2w-lesions | Brain MRI CE+ lesions | Spine MRI T2w-lesions | Spine MRI CE+ lesions | McDonald criteria (2017) | Corticosteroids prior to first MRN (g) | FU (months) | Symptoms at FU | Brain MRI | Spine MRI | DMT | Corticosteroid therapy after initial diagnosis | ||||
| 12 | 1 | 35/M | MS | Left optic neuritis | 7 | 2.0 | OCB+ M3 | Normal | Normal | Abnormal (bilateral) | 23 | Yes | — | — | DIS (MRI), DIT (MRI, CSF) | 3.0 | 16 | None | Several new T2-lesions (9 m after FU) | 2 new T2-lesions (9 m after FU) | Dimethyl fumarate for 12 m | — |
| 15 | 2 | 36/F | MS | Right optic neuritis | 5 | 2.0 | Intrathecal IgG synthesis (63.23%) | Normal | Normal | Abnormal (bilateral) | 8 | Yes | — | — | DIS (MRI), DIT (MRI, CSF) | 5.0 | 16 | None | No new lesions (same day as FU) | — | Teriflunomide for 14 m | — |
| 18 | 3 | 25/F | MS | Right optic neuritis | 7 | 3.0 | Intrathecal IgG synthesis (41.15%) | Normal | Absence of F waves in left peroneal nerve | Abnormal (right) | 33 | Yes | — | — | DIS (MRI), DIT (MRI, CSF) | 4.0 | 12 | None | — | — | Dimethyl fumarate | — |
| 21 | 4 | 37/F | MS | Left optic neuritis | 7 | 3.0 | Intrathecal IgG synthesis (12.36%) | Normal | Normal | Abnormal (bilateral) | 35 | No | 0 | No | DIS (MRI), DIT (CSF) | 1.0 | 14 | None | No new lesions (5 m prior to FU) | — | Dimethyl fumarate for 15 m | — |
| 23 | 5 | 32/F | MS | Left sixth nerve palsy, subclinical bilateral optic neuritis | 9 | 2.0 | Intrathecal IgG synthesis (22.58%) | Normal | A-waves in left peroneal nerve | Abnormal (bilateral) | 4 | No | 3 | Yes | DIS (MRI), DIT (MRI, CSF) | 2.5 | 15 | None | Two new T2-lesions, CE-(4 m after FU) | no new lesions (4 m after FU) | Teriflunomide for 7 m | — |
| 26 | 6 | 42/F | MS | Left hemiparesis (MRC 4-/5), hypoesthesia in right leg, diplopia in left gaze | 30 | 3.0 | OCB+ M2 | Normal | Normal | Normal | 17 | No | 0 | No | DIS (MRI), DIT (CSF) | 1.0 | 12 | Persistent hypoesthesia in right leg | No new lesions (11 m after FU) | No new lesions (11 m after FU) | Teriflunomide for 12 m | — |
| 28 | 7 | 32/F | MS | Bilateral hyperalgesia below thoracic level 12 | 6 | 3.0 | OCB+ M2 | Normal | Normal | Abnormal (bilateral) | 32 | No | 2 | Yes | DIS (MRI), DIT (MRI, CSF) | 1.0 | 12 | Neuropathic pain in both legs | No new lesions (5 m after FU) | No new lesions (5 m after FU) | Teriflunomide for 6 m, Diroximel fumerate | Corticosteroid therapy 6 m and 7 m prior to FU |
| 32 | 8 | 20/F | MS | Vertigo, gait disturbance | 21 | 2.0 | OCB+ M2, intrathecal IgG synthesis (5.76%) | Normal | Normal | Normal | 14 | Yes | 4 | Yes | DIS (MRI), DIT (MRI, CSF) | 5.0 | 16 | Fatigue | 2 new lesions (5 m after FU) | no new lesions (5 m after FU) | Cladribine 14 m and 2 m prior to FU | — |
| 35 | 9 | 22/F | MS | Right optic neuritis | 16 | 2.0 | OCB+ M2 | Normal | Normal | Abnormal (right) | 10–29 | No | 1–4 | — | DIS (MRI), DIT (CSF) | 5.0 | 13 | None | No new lesions (3 m after FU) | No new lesions (2 m prior to FU) | Ofatumumab for 12 m | — |
| 38 | 10 | 32/F | MS | Left optic neuritis | 14 | 2.0 | Intrathecal IgG synthesis (16.78%) | Intrathecal IgM synthesis (0.50%) | Normal | — | 10–29 | No | 1–4 | — | DIS (MRI), DIT (CSF) | 4.0 | 12 | None | No new lesions (same day as FU) | — | Dimethyl fumarate for 12 m | — |
| 39 | 11 | 28/F | MS | Vertigo, painful left eye movement | 67 | 2.0 | Intrathecal IgG synthesis (19.02%) | Intrathecal IgM synthesis (0.40%) | Normal | Normal | ≥30 | No | 1–4 | no | DIS (MRI), DIT (CSF) | 3.0 | 9 | Vertigo, paresthesia in right leg | — | — | Dimethyl fumarate for 6 m | — |
| 42 | 12 | 41/M | MS | Left sixth nerve palsy | 50 | 3.0 | OCB+ M3 | Normal | Normal | — | 1–9 | No | None | No | DIS (MRI), DIT (CSF) | 0.0 | 8 | Persistent mild double vision | No new lesions (same day as FU) | No new lesions (4 m after FU) | Teriflunomide | — |
| 45 | 13 | 31/F | MS | Left optic neuritis, transient paresthesia right leg | 6 | 2.0 | OCB+ M2, intrathecal IgG synthesis (0.27%) | Intrathecal IgM synthesis (28.90%) | Normal | Abnormal (bilateral) | 1–9 | No | None | No | DIS (MRI), DIT (CSF) | 2.0 | 11 | None | No new lesions (same day as FU) | — | Dimethyl fumarate for 9 m | — |
| 49 | 14 | 18/M | MS | Left hemihypoesthesia, hemiataxia, gait disturbance | 4 | 4.5 | OCB+ M2, intrathecal IgG synthesis (6.60%) | normal | Normal | Normal | 1–9 | Yes | 1–4 | Yes | DIS (MRI), DIT (MRI, CSF) | 3.0 | 8 | Persistent left hemihypoesthesia | No new lesions (1 m after FU) | No new lesions (1 m after FU) | Fingolimod for 6 m | — |
| 50 | 15 | 31/F | MS | Right optic neuritis | 6 | 2.0 | Intrathecal IgG synthesis (21.52%) | Normal | Normal | Abnormal (right) | 10–29 | No | — | — | DIS (MRI), DIT (CSF) | 3.0 | 8 | None | — | — | Dimethyl fumarate for 5 m | — |
| 51 | 16 | 40/F | MS | Hypoesthesia in both feet | 7 | 3.0 | Intrathecal IgG synthesis (26.31%) | Normal | Normal | Normal | ≥30 | No | 1–4 | Yes | DIS (MRI), DIT (MRI, CSF) | 1.0 | 8 | Migraine | No new lesions (3 m prior to FU) | No new lesions (1 m prior to FU) | Ocrelizumab 6 m prior to FU | — |
| 53 | 17 | 26/F | MS | hypoesthesia face and both arms | 19 | 2.0 | Intrathecal IgG synthesis (57.22%) | Normal | Normal | Normal | 1–9 | Yes | ≥5 | No | DIS (MRI), DIT (CSF) | 1.0 | 8 | Paresthesia in right leg | — | — | Glatiramer acetate for 4 m, then Natalizumab for 2 m | 5 additional corticosteroid therapies until 2 m prior to FU |
| 54 | 18 | 22/F | MS | Right hemihypoesthesia, hypoesthesia left foot, fine motor disability | 22 | 4.5 | OCB+ M2, intrathecal IgG synthesis (34.37%) | Intrathecal IgM synthesis (21.19%) | Normal | Normal | ≥30 | Yes | >5 | Yes | DIS (MRI), DIT (MRI, CSF) | 4.0 | 7 | Paresthesia in both hands and feet | No new lesions (same day as FU) | 1 new lesion (same day as FU) | Cladribine 5 m prior to FU | — |
| 61 | 19 | 23/F | MS | Left hemihypoesthesia | 7 | 2.0 | OCB+ M2 | Normal | — | — | 10–29 | Yes | 1–4 | No | DIS (MRI), DIT (MRI, CSF) | 4.0 | 11 | Persistent left hemihypoesthesia | No new lesions (4 m prior to FU) | No new lesions (4 m prior to FU) | Ocrelizumab 6 m prior to FU | — |
CE+, contrast-enhancing; CMAP, compound muscle action potential; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; DIS, dissemination in space; DIT, dissemination in time; DMT, disease-modifying therapy; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; F, female; Ig, immunoglobulin; M, male; MRC, Medical Research Council muscle scale; M2, pattern 2; M3, pattern 3; OCB+, positive oligoclonal bands; —, not performed.